偏氟乙烯和四氟乙烯共聚反应中链自由基的反应性

应用高分辨率核磁共振仪研究了一系列不同组成的偏氟乙烯和四氟乙烯共聚物。指出,共振核—CF_2—的化学位移不仅受第一、二邻位基团的影响,也受第三邻位的影响。偏氟乙烯和四氟乙烯以无规共聚进行反应,在共聚反应中的链自由基﹏CF_2·或﹏CH_2·容易增长于CH_2=CF_2的CH_2端,而链自由基﹏CH_2·在偏氟乙烯和四氟乙烯共聚反应中的增长倾向于四氟乙烯。     

聚氟代单烯烃的~(19)F核磁共振波谱研究

本文研究了聚偏氟乙烯(PVF_2),偏氟乙烯-全氟丙烯(VF_2-HFP)共聚物和偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯-全氟丙烯(VF_2-TFE-HFP)共聚物的~19F核磁共振谱。由谱线的化学位移和强度归纳出二单元组和三单元组链节的序列分布,并计算出两者的相互比例。     

四氟乙烯/偏氟乙烯乳液共聚反应的竞聚率测定

用亨利定律关联了四氟乙烯 (TFE) /偏氟乙烯 (VDF)乳液共聚合体系中的单体气相分压与其对应液相浓度间的关系 ,推导了用气相摩尔分数表示的共聚物组成方程式 .通过气相色谱和19F NMR分别测定了共聚反应前后气相单体组成和共聚物组成 ,用非线性回归法 (RREVM )计算TFE/VDF乳液共聚合反应表观竞聚率分别为γTFE=0 35和γVDF=0 6 3 .将实测的表观竞聚率代入共聚物组成方程计算共聚物组成与由19F NMR测定的结果一致 ,为进一步的工业放大试验提供科学依据     

全氟甲基乙烯基醚和其它含氟单体乳液共聚合的竞聚率测定

分别通过气相色谱法测定了全氟甲基乙烯基醚 (PMVE)与偏氟乙烯 (VDF)以及PMVE与四氟乙烯(TFE)二元乳液共聚反应中的气相单体组成和共聚物组成 ,然后用非线性回归法 (RREVM )计算得TFE PMVE及VDF PMVE乳液共聚合反应的表观竞聚率分别为γTFE =3 89和γPMVE =0 0 5以及γVDF =1 0 6和γPMVE =0 11.结合已经测定的TFE VDF二元乳液共聚的表观竞聚率 ,计算了由VDF TFE PMVE三元乳液共聚合反应合成的共聚物组成 ,后者与由1 9F NMR实测的共聚物组成吻合     

偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物热释电性的研究

本实验室合成了一系列不同组成的偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(F_(24)),并通过浇铸与极化制成了热电薄膜. 实验结果表明F_(24)薄膜的热释电系数依赖于极化温度,极化电场,极化时间。选用适当的极化条件可以提高薄膜的热释电性。热释电系数还与共聚物组成有关,当共聚物中,偏氟乙烯的克分子百分数为80～85时,热释电系数最高.此外,还测定了F_(24)的电滞回线。     

CuBr/bpy催化苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的"活性"自由基共聚合

研究了ＣｕＢｒ／ｂｐｙ催化、Ｅｉｂ－Ｂｒ引发Ｓｔ／ＭＭＡ自由基共聚反应动力学。发现在不同的起始单体组成比条件下,两种单体以基本相同的速率进行聚合,并得到恒比组成的共聚物。分子量的可控性和窄分子量分布证明这是一种“活性”聚合过程。建立了用红外光谱表征Ｓｔ／ＭＭＡ共聚物序列结构的方法。     

四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物的链结构及其对热稳定性的影响

四氟乙烯和乙烯共聚反应,由于它们的竟聚率接近零,且γ_1·γ_2也远小于1,故容易得到交替倾向很大的共聚物。其电性能与聚四氟乙烯和四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物几乎相同,但有更佳的机械性能和抗辐射性。同时能用一般热塑性塑料的加工方法成型。七十年代,四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物(简称F-40)已发展成一种通用产品,广泛地用作原子能工业中的抗辐射材料,电子计算机中的薄壁导线材料,化学工业中防腐蚀涂层衬里以及日常生活中的各种器皿。共聚物的性能往往决定于单体的性质、共聚物组成和它们的链结构等因素。本文研究了     

VDF/TFE/PMVE三元共聚物的结构与性能研究

控制不同单体的起始组成合成了一系列偏氟乙烯 (VDF) 四氟乙烯 (TFE) 全氟甲基乙烯基醚 (PMVE)三元共聚物 ,通过1 9F NMR测定了这类三元共聚物的组成 ,结果与按竞聚率的计算结果吻合 .进一步分别用DSC和WAXD表征了玻璃化温度和结晶度 ,实验结果发现用这类三元共聚物制成的硫化胶的性能与其组成和微观结构密切相关     

VDF/CTFE共聚物原子转移自由基反应法氢化制备VDF/TrFE/CTFE三元共聚物的研究

报道了一种用于偏氟乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物(VDF/CTFE共聚物)制备偏氟乙烯/三氟乙烯/三氟氯乙烯共聚物(VDF/TrFE/CTFE共聚物)的新方法,该方法以CuCl与2′,2-Bpy的配合物为催化剂,N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,异丙苯(丙酮、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)为链转移剂,通过原子转移法在VDF/CTFE共聚物上产生自由基,进而利用自由基链转移反应将VDF/CTFE共聚物上部分Cl原子用H原子取代以制备VDF/TrFE/CTFE三元共聚物.对该体系的反应机理及其影响因素进行研究发现,随着实验温度的升高(80～140℃),反应时间的延长,氢化量增加,产物中TrFE含量增加;反应温度越高,初始反应速度越快,完全氢化时间越短;催化剂与氢化量的比例基本为1:1,通过控制催化剂的量可以定量控制氢化率;新的反应体系不会对产物的分子量产生大的影响.     

偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物的β、γ混合晶型固相转变与松弛现象

本文用红外光谱及压电常数方法研究了偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物在高压直流电场下,γ晶型向β晶型的固相转变。同时用动态力学方法、介电损耗测试法及压电常数方法研究了样品的松弛现象。     

聚偏氟乙烯共混体系的压电性及其分子运动——聚偏氟乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共混体系

本文研究了PVDF-PMMA共混体系的压电性及其分子运动.其松弛转变过程与PVDF-P(VDF-HFE)及PVDF-P(VDF-TFE)共混体系相似,压电性低于PVDF-P(VDF-TFE)共混体系.当PMMA含量为3％时,其压电性与PVDF的接近,而其退极化温度却高于PVDF以及上述二个含氟共混体系的薄膜,随着PMMA的增加,其压电性也随之减弱,这是由于非晶相中偶极子浓度降低之故.     

Nucleation and crystallization of H-shaped (PS)2PEG(PS)2 block copolymers

<正>A series of H-shaped(PS)_2PEG(PS)_2 block copolymers with different PS chain lengths were prepared.The influence of different confinements active on the crystallization and self-nucleation(SN) behavior of the PEG blocks was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).When the content of the crystalline block was high,a classical SN behavior was obtained.The block copolymer with PEG content of 49%(by weight) showed a classical SN behavior with a narrow self-nucleation domain and had bimodal crystallization exotherms.When the PEG dispersed as separated microdomains in the block copolymer,the self-nucleation domain disappeared and only annealing was observed.     

Miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride) with poly(methyl-co-hexyl acrylate) and poly(methyl-co-2 ethyl hexyl acrylate)

The miscibility and phase behavior in blends of PVC with poly(methyl-co-hexyl acrylate)[MHA] and poly(methyl-co-2 ethyl hexyl acrylate)[MEH] were studied. It was found that PVC is miscible with MHA copolymers having a HA volume fraction from 0.30 to 0.92 and MEH copolymers having an EH volume fraction from 0.30 to 0.83 at 100°C. By applying the mean field theory to the phase diagrams of these blend systems, segmental interaction parameters which represent the binary interaction between different monomer units were estimated. The calculated values reflect the fact that the miscibility window observed for PVC/MHA and PVC/MEH blend systems was attributed to the effect of repulsion between different monomer units within the copolymer. To investigate the effect of specific interaction on the miscibility for these blend systems, an attempt was also made to describe the blend interaction parameter as a function of polar group concentration in the acrylate copolymer. The blend interaction parameter values exhibit a u-shaped curve as a function of the weight fraction of C?O group in the copolymer, and the lowest blend interaction parameter value appears at about 0.24 C?O weight fraction.     

偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物的热电性及热刺激电流的研究

<正> 偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(F_(24))与偏氟乙烯(PVDF)都具有较高的热释电性,但F_(24)在一定组成范围内为β晶型,不像PVDF那样需要经过拉伸,所以制备热释电薄膜的工艺比较简单。本文比较了在无机及有机引发剂体系中所合成的F_(24)的热释电性,研究了不同极化方法对热循环曲线和热释电性的影响,并测定了F_(24)的TSC谱,由此观察     

聚膦腈-g-聚己内酯共聚物的合成与表征

通过三甲基碘硅烷与聚二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)膦腈侧链上的醚键反应后水解得到侧链含部分羟基的聚膦腈,然后利用聚膦腈的侧链羟基在异辛酸亚锡催化作用下,引发己内酯单体开环聚合制备了聚膦腈-g-聚己内酯共聚物.该共聚物中聚己内酯链段的接枝率和侧链长度可通过改变三甲基碘硅烷和己内酯单体的投料来控制.     

Composition analysis of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lactide) diblock copolymer studied by two-dimensional column chromatography

We used two-dimensional column chromatography to analyze the composition of a sample of presumably a diblock copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(L-lactide) synthesized from monomethoxy-terminated PEG. The first dimension of the separation is phase fluctuation chromatography to prepare fractions that contain various components of the copolymer in different ratios. The second dimension is size-exclusion chromatography, NMR, and HPLC at the critical condition of PEG. The PEG initiator has small amounts of diol-terminated dimeric components. We found that the copolymer sample contains a triblock copolymer and low-molecular-mass components in addition to the main part of the diblock copolymer. The SEC chromatograms show that the main part consists of two components with distinct peak lengths for the PLLA block. The low-molecular-mass components have a broad distribution in chemical composition. Phase fluctuation chromatography enriched the triblock copolymer and the diblock copolymer with the longer PLLA block in early fractions when the column was packed with carboxymethyl-modified porous silica. When the porous medium was PLLA-grafted silica, size exclusion dominated, but the low-molecular-mass components were separated according to their chemical composition.     

聚苯乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷嵌段共聚物的表面形态研究

采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了聚苯乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷嵌段共聚物(PS-b-PDMS)薄膜的相形态.结果表明,当采用甲苯作为溶剂,旋转涂膜的薄膜样品呈现网络状的形态分布在表面,而样品所对应的透射电镜照片中,PDMS相作为球状分布在PS的连续相中.退火温度对共聚物表面形态有一定的影响,当退火温度高于PDMS的玻璃化温度,表面中PDMS相增多.PS-b-PDMS嵌段共聚物的表面形态随着所用溶剂的变化而有所不同,当采用甲苯作为溶剂时,样品的PS相形成凹坑分布在PDMS的相区之中,而采用环己烷作为溶剂时,PS相作为突起分布在PDMS相区之中.另外,基底对共聚物薄膜表面形态的有较大的影响,当采用硅晶片作为基底时,样品中的PDMS相和PS相呈现近似平行于表面的层状结构.     

Aggregation of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers in aqueous solution: DPD simulation study

The dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation method was applied to simulate the aggregation behavior of three block copolymers, (EO)16(PO)18, (EO)8(PO)18(EO)8, and (PO)9(EO)16(PO)9, in aqueous solutions. The results showed that the size of the micelle increased with increasing concentration. The diblock copolymer (EO)16(PO)18 would form an intercluster micelle at a certain concentration range, besides the traditional aggregates (spherical micelle, cylindrical micelle, and lamellar phase); while the triblock copolymer (EO)8(PO)18(EO)8 would form a spherical micelle, cylindrical micelle, and lamellar phase with increasing concentration, and (PO)9(EO)16(PO)9 would form intercluster aggregates, as well as a spherical micelle and gel. New mechanisms were given to explain the two kinds of intercluster micelle formed by the different copolymers. It is deduced from the end-to-end distance that the morphologies of the diblock copolymer and triblock copolymer with hydrophilic ends were more extendible than the triblock copolymer with hydrophobic ends.     

Synthesis of amphiphilic tri-block copolymerpoly(vinylpyrrolidone)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) for the modification of polyethersulfone membrane

Well-defined amphiphilic tri-block copolymer PVP-b-PMMA-b-PVP was prepared for the first time via successive reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization using carboxyl-terminated trithiocarbonate as the RAFT agent.The structure of the copolymer was characterized using FTIR,GPC and ~1H NMR.The block copolymer could be directly blended with polyethersulfone(PES) as a macromolecule additive using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) as the solvent to prepare membranes. The water contact angles for the modified membranes decreased obviously,and therefore,the protein adsorption amount on the membrane surface decreased.