Speech wideband extension based on Gaussian mixture model

To decrease the spectral distortion of highband envelope, the function of spectral distortion and mutual information between feature vector and highband envelope was studied, and an extended Gaussian Mixture Model （GMM） bandwidth extension algorithm was proposed based on the research. The feature parameters which have larger mutual information with highband envelope were selected to constitute the feature vector, and the GMM was adopted to compute the joint probability density of the feature vector and highband envelope. Then the highband envelope was estimated via the posterior probabilities computed from the model parameters estimated by Expectation-Maximization （EM） algorithm. The experimental results show that the spectral distortion is lower than the algorithm, such as the traditional algorithm based on GMM, by 0.3 dB and the number of frames with spectral distortion over 10 dB sharply reduced over 50%.     

Effects of spectral resolution and temporal envelope periodicity to musical pitch discrimination

The main goal of this study was to systematically investigate the relative contribution of spectral resolution and temporal envelope periodicity to musical pitch discrimination. Stimuli from four instruments(clarinet,trumpet,piano and violin) and synthetic complex tone were utilized.A noise-excited vocoder was used to control the spectral resolution and temporal envelope periodicity of the musical stimuli.Ten normal-hearing subjects were recruited for the study.Psychoacoustic experiments on pitch discrimination were carried out.Results showed that the spectral cue was important for musical pitch discrimination.Relative good performance could be achieved when there were 16 frequency channels.No clear effect was found for the temporal envelope periodicity to pitch discrimination.     

A method for detecting target echo in reverberation based on fractional Fourier transform

A method for detecting the target echo in reverberation was proposed based on fractional Fourier transform theory when the transmitted signal is linear frequency modulation signal. The slow time-varying envelope of reverberation is computed to process reverberation to be stationary. The stationary reverberation is cut into blocks using a sliding window. A narrow-band filter is applied in FrFT domain for each block and the signal is recovered through inverse FrFT. Output of the system is the energy of the recovered signal. When the target echo is included in one of the blocks, the reverberation noise is reduced, and the output is the energy of the target echo. All the simulation and lake experiment results show that the detection performance of the present method is better than that of the matched filter.     

Non-deterministic fatigue life analysis using convex set models

The non-probabilistic approach to fatigue life analysis was studied using the convex models-interval, ellipsoidal and multiconvex models. The lower and upper bounds of the fatigue life were obtained by using the second-order Taylor series and Lagrange multiplier method. The solving process for derivatives of the implicit life function was presented. Moreover, a median ellipsoidal model was proposed which can take into account the sample blind zone and almost impossibility of concurrence of some small probability events. The Monte Carlo method for multi-convex model was presented, an important alternative when the analytical method does not work. A project example was given. The feasibility and rationality of the presented approach were verified. It is also revealed that the proposed method is conservative compared to the traditional probabilistic method, but it is a useful complement when it is difficult to obtain the accurate probability densities of parameters.     

Coupler design for an L-band electron linac

The RF coupler is a key component for an accelerating structure which is the most important component for a linac. In order to feed microwave power into the accelerating cavities effectively, the coupler has to be well matched with the feeding waveguide. In this paper, an electron linac coupler was designed, constructed and tested. A numerical simulation method based on the Kyhl's method was employed to search for the optimal dimensions of the coupler. The frequency and the coupling coefficient as a function of the coupler dimensions were also calculated. The results fitted the Kyhl's method simulation results well and gave tolerances of the coupler. The coupler was brazed to the accelerating cavities and it was cold-tested and hot-tested. The experimental results were consistent with the numerical simulation results.     

Ultrasonic backscatter characterization of cancellous bone using a general Nakagami statistical model

The goal of this study is to analyze the statistics of the backscatter signal from bovine cancellous bone using a Nakagami model and to evaluate the feasibility of Nakagami-model parameters for cancellous bone characterization. Ultrasonic backscatter measurements were performed on 24 bovine cancellous bone specimens in vitro and the backscatter signals were compensated for the frequency-dependent attenuation prior to the envelope detection. The statistics of the backscatter envelope were modeled using the Nakagami distribution. Our results reveal that the backscatter envelope mainly followed pre-Rayleigh distributions, and the deviations of the backscatter envelope from Rayleigh distribution decreased with increasing bone density. The Nakagami shape parameter(i.e., m) was significantly correlated with bone densities(R = 0.78–0.81, p 0.001) and trabecular microstructures(|R| = 0.46–0.78, p 0.05). The scale parameter(i.e.,?) and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) also yielded significant correlations with bone density and structural features. Multiple linear regressions showed that bone volume fraction(BV/TV) was the main predictor of the Nakagami parameters,and microstructure produced significantly independent contribution to the prediction of Nakagami distribution parameters,explaining an additional 10.2% of the variance at most. The in vitro study showed that statistical parameters derived with Nakagami model might be useful for cancellous bone characterization, and statistical analysis has potential for ultrasonic backscatter bone evaluation.     

Dissipative Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation with External Forcing in Rotational Stratified Fluids and Its Solution

The dissipative nonlinear Schrdinger equation with a forcing item is derived by using of multiple scales analysis and perturbation method as a mathematical model of describing envelope solitary Rossby waves with dissipation effect and external forcing in rotational stratified fluids. By analyzing the evolution of amplitude of envelope solitary Rossby waves, it is found that the shear of basic flow, Brunt–Vaisala frequency and β effect are important factors in forming the envelope solitary Rossby waves. By employing Jacobi elliptic function expansion method and Hirota's direct method, the analytic solutions of dissipative nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation and forced nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation are derived, respectively. With the help of these solutions, the effects of dissipation and external forcing on the evolution of envelope solitary Rossby wave are also discussed in detail. The results show that dissipation causes slowly decrease of amplitude of envelope solitary Rossby waves and slowly increase of width, while it has no effect on the propagation speed and different types of external forcing can excite the same envelope solitary Rossby waves. It is notable that dissipation and different types of external forcing have certain influence on the carrier frequency of envelope solitary Rossby waves.     

Narrowband speech wideband extension algorithm research

To reduce the spectral distortion,a Hidden Markov Model-based narrowband speech bandwidth extension algorithm is presented.Firstly,the parameters which have higher mutual information with wideband envelope were extracted to constitute the feature vector,and then a posterior probability was calculated via the joint probability of the partial observation feature vector sequence and the markov states.Secondly,based on the posterior probability,the wideband envelope was estimated using Bayesian parameter estimation method and minimum mean square error criteria.For estimation of wideband excitation signal,intermediate frequency extension algorithm is proposed based on the harmonic correlation between the low frequency and high frequency.The experimental results show that,compared with the traditional bandwidth extension algorithm based on Hidden Markov Model,the average spectral distortion is reduced by 0.187 dB and the number of speech frame with spectral distortion over10dB is decreased by 34.3%.     

Control of Beam Halo-Chaos for an Intense Charged-Particle Beam Propagating Through Double Periodic Focusing Field by Soliton

We study an intense beam propagating through the double periodic focusing channel by the particle-core model, and obtain the beam envelope equation. According to the Poincare-Lyapunov theorem, we analyze the stability of beam envelope equation and find the beam halo. The soliton control method for controlling the beam halo-chaos is put forward based on mechanism of halo formation and strategy of controlling beam halo-chaos, and we also prove the validity of the control method, and furthermore, the feasible experimental project is given. We perform multiparticle simulation to control the halo by using the soliton controller. It is shown that our control method is effective. We also find the radial ion density changes when the ion beam is in the channel, not only the halo-chaos and its regeneration can be eliminated by using the nonlinear control method, but also the density uniformity can be found at beam＇s centre as long as an appropriate control method is chosen.     

THE ENVELOPE SOLITON OF STRESS WAVE ON THE WALL OF A FLUID-FILLED CIRCULAR TUBE

The reductive perturbation method of multiple-scales is used to investigate the weak nonlinearmodulation of the stress wave on the wall of a fluid-filled elastic circular tube.In the case of a singlemode,the nonlinear Schrodinger equation which the wave amplitude satisfies and its envelope soliton so-lution of stress wave are obtained.     

Modeling of nonlinear envelope solitons in strongly coupled dusty plasmas:Instability and collision

Modeling of instability and collision of nonlinear dust-acoustic(NDA) envelope solitons in strongly coupled dusty plasmas(SCDPs) is theoretically investigated. The SCDPs consists of strongly correlated negatively variable-charged dust grains and weakly correlated Boltzmann electrons and ions. Using the derivative expansion perturbation technique, a nonlinear Schr dinger-type(NLST) equation for describing the propagation of NDA envelope solitons is derived. Moreover,the extended Poincar′e–Lighthill–Kuo(EPLK) method is employed to deduce the analytical phase shifts and the trajectories after the collision of NDA envelope solitons. In detail, the results show that both modulation instability and phase shift after collision of NDA envelope solitons will modify with the increase in the effects of the viscosity, the relaxation time, and the dust charge fluctuation. Crucially, the modeling of dust-acoustic envelope solitons collision, as reported here, is helpful for understanding the propagation of NDA envelope solitons in strongly coupled dusty plasmas.     

Intense laser beam guiding in self-induced electron cavitation channel in underdense plasmas

In underdense plasmas, the transverse ponderomotive force of an intense laser beam with Gaussian transverse profile expels electrons radially, and it can lead to an electron cavitation. An improved cavitation model with charge conservation constraint is applied to the determination of the width of the electron cavity. The envelope equation for laser spot size derived by using source-dependent expansion method is extended to including the electron cavity. The condition for self-guiding is given and illuminated by an effective potential for the laser spot size. The effects of the laser power, plasma density and energy dissipation on the self-guiding condition are discussed.     

Effective medium parameters for 1D photonic crystal containing single-negative material layers using the envelope function approach

Nonlinear wave propagation in a 1D photonic crystal containing single-negative layers is investigated using the multiple-scale method. In this approach, the electric field is decomposed into a slowly varying envelope function and a fast Bloch-like function to obtain the analytic expressions of the effective parameters of an equivalent medium. The periodic structure has an equivalent left-handed medium for the envelope function. Gap soliton formation is discussed and compared with that associated with the Bragg gap.     

Analytical and Approximate Solutions for Complex Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation via Generalized Auxiliary Equation and Numerical Schemes

This article studies the performance of analytical, semi-analytical and numerical scheme on the complex nonlinear Schr¨odinger(NLS) equation. The generalized auxiliary equation method is surveyed to get the explicit wave solutions that are used to examine the semi-analytical and numerical solutions that are obtained by the Adomian decomposition method, and B-spline schemes(cubic, quantic, and septic). The complex NLS equation relates to many physical phenomena in different branches of science like a quantum state, fiber optics, and water waves. It describes the evolution of slowly varying packets of quasi-monochromatic waves, wave propagation, and the envelope of modulated wave groups, respectively. Moreover, it relates to Bose-Einstein condensates which is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero. Some of the obtained solutions are studied under specific conditions on the parameters to constitute and study the dynamical behavior of this model in two and three-dimensional.     

Ultrasound contrast agent harmonic imaging method based on frequency-modulated signal excitation

A nonlinear imaging technique that demodulated the second harmonic component of the response of the Ultrasound Contrast Agent (UCA) was proposed. The UCA perfusion imaging method has been investigated from three aspects, mathematics principle, simulation and ultrasound experiment, respectively. Frequency-Modulated (FM) signal excitation has been introduced to increase Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in medical ultrasound imaging firstly. A theoretical simulation and an ultrasound experiment were performed to investigate if a cosine enveloped frequency-modulated signal excitation could be applied in UCA imaging to increase SNR and Contrast-to-Tissue Ratio (CTR). To obtain a good imaging, suitable parameters and a right envelope on the transmitted signal were needed, and a gap was also needed between the transmitted signal bandwidth and the decoded match filter bandwidth. A harmonic image was obtained with using of coded excitation and the decoded filter. The results suggested that using this harmonic imaging method, image could be got with good SNR and CTR. At the same time, the acoustical results were agreed with the theoretical results well.     

Blind carrier frequency estimation for phase shift keying signals in low signal to noise ratio北大核心CSCD

In order to solve the problem of carrier frequency blind estimation of PSK signals in electronic reconnaissance, a new estimation method was proposed. The phase shift keying（PSK） signal was divided into several overlapping intervals which had equal length, and the spectrum concentration measures of every interval were extracted by the FFT. And then, using the grid-density clustering, the spectrum concentration measures were classified into two categories, the narrowband spectrum interval and the wideband spectrum interval. The narrowband spectrum interval was regarded as the characteristic class. The spectrums of the characteristic class were accumulated to estimate the carrier frequency of PSK signal. The proposed method had avoided the non linear operation in the traditional PSK signal carrier frequency estimation algorithm. Thus, the signal to noise ratio （SNR） threshold was remarkably decreased. Moreover, the proposed method did not need the prior knowledge of the signal, which was suitable to the electronic reconnaissance occasion. Experimental results had verified the validity of the proposed estimation method in low SNR.     

Sound transmission of an active acoustic structure with porous materials based on the(u,p) formulation

<正>A method based on the combination of the(u.p) formulation and finite element method was applied to calculating the acoustical performance of a double-wall active acoustic structure with porous materials.The(u,p) formulation based on the displacement in solid phase and the pressure in fluid phase was developed to investigate the sound propagation in porous materials.The acoustic performance of the double-wall active acoustic structure having porous materials was calculated and the measurement was taken.The numerical results matched well with the measured data.More than 10 dB transmission loss of the double-wall active acoustic structure can be improved in the resonance frequency with active control,and its absorption coefficient is up to 0.6 over 500 Hz.The relative error between the prediction and measurement is less than 5%at the resonance frequency of the porous materials.     

Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method to Study Stress Degradation Behaviour of Rizatriptan Benzoate

Rizatriptan benzoate is a 5HT 1B/1Dreceptor agonist which is prescribed for the treatment of migraine.In the present study new,simple,specific ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for rizatriptan benzoate was developed and validated.Forced degradation studies were carried out in acidic,alkaline and neutral pH conditions.The absorbance maxima peak was found to be 224 nm and linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.5~2.5μg·mL-1 with regression coefficient value of 0.998 8.The method was validated and found to be precise.The percent recovery for rizatriptan benzoate was found to be 98.576±0.202.The bulk drug was found to be stable in neutral and acidic pH conditions but got degraded in 1N NaOH solution.     

High precision Zernike modal gray map reconstruction for liquid crystal corrector

This paper proposes a new Zernike modal gray map reconstruction algorithm used in the nematic liquid crystal adaptive optics system. Firstly, the new modal algorithm is described. Secondly, a single loop correction experiment was conducted, and it showed that the modal method has a higher precision in gray map reconstruction than the widely used slope method. Finally, the contrast close-loop correction experiment was conducted to correct static aberration in the laboratory. The experimental results showed that the average peak to valley (PV) and root mean square (RMS) of the wavefront corrected by mode method were reduced from 2.501\lambda (\lambda =633~nm) and 0.610\lambda to 0.0334\lambda and 0.00845\lambda , respectively. The corrected PV and RMS were much smaller than those of 0.173\lambda and 0.048\lambda by slope method. The Strehl ratio and modulation transfer function of the system corrected by mode method were much closer to diffraction limit than with slope method. These results indicate that the mode method can take good advantage of the large number of pixels of the liquid crystal corrector to realize high correction precision.     

Glass/Ta2O5 Composite Waveguides for Application as an Integrated Polarimetric Interferometer

A tapered thin film of Ta2O5 was deposited by the masked sputtering method on a single-mode slab glass waveguide to form a composite optical waveguide （COWG） with a great modal birefringence. With the prism-coupling method the COWG was used as an integrated polarimetric interferometer for real-time detection of chemical and biological measurands. The refractive-index sensitivity of the interferometer was examined, and the refractive-index increments of different aqueous solutions were determined with the device. Response of the interferometer to protein adsorption and that to water temperature were investigated. The experimental results indicate that an increase of ΔT = 1°C for the temperature of water in the measuring chamber can lead to a phase-difference change of Δ = -28.5°