迎风型TVD格式在高速进气道粘性流动模拟中的应用

迎风型ＴＶＤ格式在高速进气道粘性流动模拟中的应用刘晶昌，徐建中（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）邢君波（航天部３１所北京１０００８０）关键词超音速进气道，数值模拟，Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程１前言高速进气道流动做为一种非常复杂的流动，...     

组合式发动机进气道的冷却研究

针对空天飞机组合发动机进气道的冷却要求，采用冲击－对流复合冷却技术对进气道进行强化冷却试验，按照得出的冷却结构各部分传热经验公式，用温度200K，压力1MPa低温氢作冷却剂，算出进气道的冷却热流密度，证明所用结构可以满足进气道冷却要求。     

高超声速进气道飞行器一体化设计技术的发展

对高超声速进气道与飞行器一体化设计技术和发展进行了研究,包含轴对称压缩、二维压缩、侧压以及内压缩进气道在高超声速飞行器上的典型布局设计方案.对高超声速可调进气道类型进行了概述,基于轴对称类型调节、二元平面类型调节以及三维内转调节进气道的典型案例给出了其各自的设计特点,并进一步对宽域飞行和组合动力飞行器采用的多通道可调节高超声速进气道研究进展进行了简述,最后分析了高超声速进气道设计须面对和解决的技术难题.      

高外压缩比的高超声速内乘波进气道设计

为了提高内乘波式进气道的起动性能,扩大其稳定工作的马赫数范围,以得到一种高外压缩比例的高超声速进气道,在ICFC二维基本流场的基础上进行改进,提高流场的外压缩比例,减小流场长度,并基于改进后的基本流场生成内乘波式进气道。数值模拟结果表明:在来流马赫数6的设计状态,该进气道保持了内乘波式进气道的优点:流量捕获能力强(流量系数99.94%),显著减弱外流阻力等;较基于原ICFC流场得到的进气道,该高外压缩比的进气道长度更短,且性能略有提升(出口马赫数为2.78时总压恢复系数为0.459),能在马赫数3.8~6范围内起动工作,较原进气道具有更佳的低马赫数起动能力。     

基于丝线流动显示技术的内转进气道起动性能实验

采用丝线法流动显示技术,在高超声速冷流暂冲式下吹风洞开展了快速获取内转进气道起动性能的实验研究。实验在中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)Φ0.5 m高超声速风洞中进行,来流Mach数为5。实验模型为椭圆转圆形内转进气道,总收缩比为5.8,内部收缩比为1.7,喉部为直径50 mm的圆形截面。模型的肩部区域种植了长度与间隔可更换的丝线,为了改善进气道的起动性能,模型进气道的内压缩段开设了可以动态堵塞的泄流孔,在喉道下游设置了可动态节流的节流锥。实验获得了丝线长度、相邻丝线间隔的推荐值,同时表明,丝线流动显示技术能够快速、准确、直观、方便地判断进气道的起动状态,并能定量给出流动分离起始位置与分离结构,所采用的丝线流动显示技术丰富了高超声速风洞实验的流场可视化方法库。研究还表明,采用丝线流动显示技术,所研究的内转进气道在Ma=5时处于双解区,实验给出了进气道重起动及退出不起动的一种可行方案。     

非均匀来流下等压力梯度曲面压缩二维进气道性能

本文选用性能较好的设计点马赫6三楔压缩二维进气道为基准模型,精心设计了设计点马赫6性能与基准模型相当,采用等压力梯度曲面压缩的二维进气道。数值模拟分析了两进气道在非设计点和非均匀来流下的流场和性能。结果表明:非设计点,采用等压力梯度曲面压缩二维进气道,其流量系数、总压恢复和压比均高于三楔压缩二维进气道;在非均匀来流下,采用等压力梯度曲面压缩二维进气道比基准进气道性能要好,低马赫数下起动性能也较好,值得进一步研究。     

一种带前输出轴的直升机进气道性能试验研究

本文针对带有前输出轴直升机进气道结构特点,以实验的方法,着重研究在悬停与前飞状态下的直升机进气道流场特性,测量并分析了沿程静压分布、进气道出口截面流场畸变指数、总压恢复系数等进气道性能参数。结果表明,此类进气道在悬停与前飞状态下进气道内均存在某种程度的气流分离,在悬停状态时总压损失和出口流场畸变都不大,但在前飞状态时由于自由流直接进入进气道外侧,使得出口流场畸变变大,且随着前飞速度的增加出口流场不断恶化。     

内乘波式内并联TBCC进气道变几何规律优化分析

为利用内收缩进气道在流量捕获、高性能压缩等方面的优势,积极探索基于内收缩式TBCC进气道设计技术是当前高速推进系统的前沿方向。本文基于自主提出的内乘波式进气道技术,研究了内乘波式TBCC进气道变几何技术。为保证变几何作动时进气道气流密封,同时减小密封板对进气道等熵波系的影响,采用对称面带二元过渡板的内乘波进气道作为TBCC基础型面。根据TBCC变几何方案,随马赫数变化进气道进行变几何作动,得到了变几何参数随来流马赫数变化的拟合公式,为各马赫数下变几何作动提供参考和依据.数值模拟结果表明:在工作马赫数2.0～4.0范围内,变几何进气道均能成功起动,流量系数在0.86以上,喉道总压恢复系数在0.77～0.93之间,气动性能良好。     

满足斯贝发动机要求的进气道模型试验研究

一、引言 进气道的地面状态性能是进气道各种状态下的重要性能之一.大家知道,设计点取在高空高速状态下的进气道,当在地面状态工作时,进气道性能严重恶化.斯贝发动机对地面工作状态下规定的指标较高,它要求进气道的总压恢复系数σ达0.905,周向总压畸变指数DC_(60)为-0.25.为了使本进气道与斯贝发动机     

高超音速进气道的冷却研究

作为我国航天飞机研究的一个开端，本文以美国ＮＡＳＡ高超音速研究发动机ＨＲＥ的进气道几何为模型，进行了飞行马赫数为６时的进气道各部分的气动和气动热计算，并在此基础上提出了以氢燃料作冷却剂的主动冷却结构，进行了冷却计算，证明提出的冷却结构所需要的氢用量是合理的。     

Investigation of the pseudo-shock wave in a two-dimensional supersonic inlet

Abstract  

This paper describes experimental and numerical investigations into the multiple shock waves/turbulent boundary layer interaction in a supersonic inlet. The test model has a rectangular shape with an asymmetric subsonic diffuser of 5°. Experiments were conducted to obtain the visualization images and static pressure data by using supersonic wind tunnel. Numerical simulation was performed by solving the RANS equations with the Menter’s SST turbulent model. The inflow condition was a free-stream Mach number of 2.5 and a unit Reynolds number of 7.6 × 10⁷/m. Numerical results showed good agreement with the experimental results. Based on this agreement, the flow characteristics which are often very difficult to obtain experimentally alone were analyzed with the aid of numerical simulation. The structures, pressure and velocity distributions, and total pressure loss of the pseudo-shock wave in the supersonic inlet were presented in detail from flow visualization images and static pressures.     

Acoustic disturbance from gas non-uniformities convected through a nozzle

The non-steady flow generated by convection of gas containing non-uniform temperature regions or “entropy spots” through a nozzle is examined analytically as a source of acoustic disturbance. The first portion of the investigation treats the “compact nozzle”, the case where all wave lengths are much longer than the nozzle. Strengths of transmitted and reflected one-dimensional waves are given for supersonic and subsonic nozzles and for one configuration of supersonic nozzle with normal shock at the outlet. In addition to a wave reflected from the nozzle inlet, the supersonic nozzle discharges two waves, one facing upstream and the other facing downstream. For reasonable values of the nozzle inlet Mach number, the pressure amplitude of each wave increases directly as the discharge Mach number.The acoustic perturbations from a supercritical nozzle of finite length, in which the undisturbed gas velocity increases linearly through the nozzle, are analyzed for several inlet and discharge Mach number values and over a wide frequency range. The results which agree with the compact analysis for low frequency, deviate considerably as the frequency rises, achieving pressure fluctuation levels of several times the compact values. It is shown that this result originates in a phase shift between the two waves emitted downstream and that the pressure fluctuations for moderate frequencies may be approximated from the compact analysis with an appropriate phase shift.In all cases, the pressure fluctuations caused by a 2% fluctuation in absolute inlet temperature are large enough to require consideration in acoustic analysis of nozzles or turbine blade channels.     

大密封压比超音速自由旋气动窗口设计与试验研究

 介绍了横向超音速自由旋气动窗口设计方法,分析了单级气动窗口难以实现大密封压比的原因。针对气动窗口扩压器入口气动参数分布特点,提出了一种扩压器带端壁吹气的气动窗口设计方案并进行了试验验证,气动窗口密封压比达到了85。结果表明：扩压器入口端壁吹气是一种有效提高气动窗口密封压比的技术措施,内端壁吹气对密封压比影响较大,外端壁吹气对密封压比影响较小。     

Characteristics of a magnetogasdynamic diffuser under different modes of electric current switching

This paper elaborates upon a previous investigation into the influence of external electric and magnetic fields on a flow through a supersonic diffuser. The aim of the present study is to correlate a change in the configuration of a shock wave emerging near the diffuser inlet at magnetohydrodynamic interaction with the amount of force and energy actions and with total pressure losses. For this purpose, the main parameters of the shock wave structure and the total pressure are measured at the diffuser outlet when the flow is subjected to magnetic and electric fields of various strengths at different routes of current passage. In the experiments, a shock tube with a supersonic nozzle is employed. The shock tube forms a flow behind the shock wave reflecting from the end of the tube, which terminates in the nozzle. The diffuser is located directly downstream of the nozzle. The investigation is carried out in xenon. The flow is subjected to external fields at the inlet of the diffuser. The shock wave structure is visualized by frame sweeping of Schlieren patterns of the flow. The total pressure is measured with a piezoelectric transducer located at the end of the channel. The results obtained make it possible to optimize the action on the flow in terms of power consumption and total pressure losses for a given design of the diffuser.     

Numerical investigation of supersonic flow breakdown at the inlet duct throttling

The work presents the results of investigating the process of supersonic flow deceleration in a duct of the two-dimensional inlet throttled by variation of the outlet cross-sectional area. An inlet with three external compression shock waves designed for the freestream Mach number M_d = 7 was considered as an example for the investigation. A one-dimensional analysis of the conditions for realization of the supersonic flow deceleration regimes in the inlet duct with two throats — in the inlet entrance and at the inlet duct outlet, has been carried out. The parametric numerical computations of two-dimensional inviscid or turbulent flows in the inlet were performed with the use of the Euler and Navier—Stokes codes of the program package FLUENT. The critical conditions for the nonuniform flow in the outlet throat bringing to choking the inlet duct were determined.     

Properties and applications of cold supersonic gas jet

By analyzing the formation mechanism of a supersonic gas jet, a set of equations which describe the atomic beam properties were established. The influence of initial temperature, initial pressure, background gas pressure and pumping speed was discussed in detail. A simulation program was developed based on the equations, and the results under different initial conditions were obtained. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data, and suggest that, in order to get much smaller transverse momentum in collision experiments, it is necessary to lower the initial temperature and the initial pressure of the supersonic gas jet, together with increasing the pumping speed. These results are very instructive for construction of a new generation of cold supersonic gas jets.     

Investigation of annular supersonic inlets with isentropic compression

A technique for designing the supersonic annular inlets with isentropic deceleration surfaces is considered. The contour of an isentropic supersonic nozzle constructed by the method of characteristics for an inviscid gas flow with given uniform parameters at the inlet and at the outlet is used as the basic configuration of the inlet. The reversed flow of a viscous gas is computed with the aid of numerical techniques in the contour under consideration and the real operational characteristics of the obtained inlet of a fixed geometry are determined in the range of the conditions of its application. In the process of computations, the minimum cross-sectional sizes are selected, which ensure the inlet start without a detached bow shock at the entrance.     

进口条件对超燃冲压发动机氢气燃烧流场特性的影响分析

对不同进口条件下的超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内氢气喷流超声速燃烧流动特性进行了数值模拟与分析.宽范围超燃冲压发动机是吸气式高超声速飞行器推进系统设计中的热点问题之一,受实验设备硬件条件及实验技术限制,数值模拟技术仍然是超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内燃气燃烧特性及流场特性的主要研究手段.采用基于混合网格技术的多组元N-S方程有限体积方法求解器,在不同进口Mach数及压强条件下,对带楔板/凹腔结构的燃烧室模型氢气喷流燃烧流场进行了数值模拟,对比分析了氢气喷流穿透深度、喷口前后回流区结构、掺混效率及燃烧效率等流场结构与典型流场参数的变化特性及影响规律.研究成果可为宽范围超燃冲压发动机喷流燃烧流动特性分析提供参考.      

过膨胀超音速蒸汽浸没射流凝结的实验研究

针对入口压力为 0.20～0.60 MPa 的饱和蒸汽在 20～70℃过冷水中形成的过膨胀超音速蒸汽浸没射流凝结进行了实验研究.观察到了渐缩形、收缩-膨胀-收缩形、收缩-膨胀-发散形和发散形汽羽,汽羽形状主要由入口蒸汽压力和过冷水温度决定,给出了汽羽凝结形态分布图.同时,给出了汽羽的轴向和径向温度分布规律,在靠近喷嘴附近,温度变化幅度比较大,在远离喷嘴处,温度变化趋于平缓;汽羽的轴向温度分布与汽羽的形状密切相关.     

超声速等离子体射流的数值模拟

基于可压缩的全Naiver-Stokes方程，利用PHOENICS程序对由会聚 辐射阳极形状等离子体炬产生的超声速等离子体射流进行了数值模拟.考虑了等离子体的黏性、可压缩性以及变物性对等离子体射流特性影响.研究了超声速等离子体射流的流场结构特性以及不同环境压力对等离子体射流产生激波结构的影响.结果表明，超声速等离子体射流在喷口附近形成的周期性激波结构是其和环境气体相互作用的结果. 关键词： 等离子体炬 超声速等离子体射流 PHOENICS