碳纤维-泡沫铝夹芯板低速冲击响应

为研究夹芯结构的低速冲击响应,以碳纤维(T700)/环氧树脂复合材料层合板为上下面板,以闭孔泡沫铝为芯层,模拟夹芯板落锤冲击时的损伤演化过程。复合材料层合板采用三维实体单元建模,基于有限元软件ABAQUS中的用户子程序VUMAT,引入三维Hashin失效准则模拟复合材料的损伤破坏;采用二次应力准则,Cohesive单元模拟黏结层的层间失效;闭孔泡沫铝芯层采用3D Voronoi细观模型建模。分析复合材料夹芯结构在落锤冲击下的损伤起始、损伤扩展和最终破坏模式,通过锤头的接触力、位移、夹芯板的内能、后面板的最大位移研究夹层结构的能量吸收情况及抗冲击特性,得出了在质量保持不变的情况下,5种芯层相对密度和厚度的耦合关系中的最优设计是芯层相对密度15.0%,厚度为10 mm,为满足实际工程中的需求提供了设计依据。     

基于原位测量的复合材料冲击损伤定位

针对连续碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料层合板和玻璃纤维(GF)增强环氧树脂基复合材料层合板两类典型结构,开展了基于原位测量的冲击损伤定位研究。利用碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料层合板自身的导电性,设计了电极阵列,考察了板厚对定位结果的影响;对于不导电玻璃纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料层合板,设计并制备了多壁碳纳米管涂覆的玻璃纤维束(MWCNT@GF)传感器,并将MWCNT@GF嵌入层合板中形成传感网络,考察了不同入射角度对定位结果的影响。对于上述两种方法,编制了冲击损伤成像算法。结果表明:利用冲击前后碳纤维自身电阻和嵌入MWCNT@GF传感器的方法,可准确定位碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料层合板和玻璃纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料层合板的冲击损伤。     

Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构抗侵彻数值模拟

结合金属/复合材料层合结构的抗侵彻能力,基于混合蜂窝结构低成本、高韧性以及在低速冲击下吸能的特点,设计了一种Al/CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastics)/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构,旨在利用各层结构特点,逐步降低弹体速度,高效吸收弹体动能,以达到防护效果。为探究Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构在弹体侵彻下的损伤演化规律及吸能特性,开展了Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构在弹体侵彻下的数值分析,探讨了冲击能量对多层结构抗侵彻性能的影响。结果表明：与Al/CFRP复合结构相比,引入混合蜂窝铝后,结构给予弹体的反作用力增大,在能量不变的情况下,弹体作用板的时间变短。在Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构抗侵彻过程中,Al板和CFRP芯层主要抵抗侵彻以降低弹体速度,混合蜂窝铝主要是吸能。在40 J的冲击能量下,结构总吸能为36.79 J,比吸能为0.217 J/g,蜂窝铝芯层吸能占主要部分,吸能比率为30.3%;随着冲击能量的增大,蜂窝铝芯层的吸能比率增至56.2%,即冲击能量较大时蜂窝铝芯层的吸能效果更好。     

碳纤维复合材料反射镜面板的铺层设计

从刚度设计的角度出发,利用有限元法对用于某空间光学系统的碳纤维复合材料反射镜面板的铺层进行设计,通过对角度相间步长为15°的铺层所制作的各种面板进行静力学分析,得出了在相同载荷的作用下,采用[0°/60°/-60°]s的铺层形式的反射面板产生的变形最小的结论,进而提出了在使用碳纤维复合材料制作空间光学反射镜时,反射面板铺层设计的一般方法,可以对碳纤维复合材料反射镜的制作提供一些参考。     

拉伸载荷下含孔复合材料层合板的力学性能及失效机理

采用有限元软件ABAQUS,基于前人提出的失效准则,通过引入纤维损伤因子和基体损伤因子并编制用户材料子程序UMAT,建立了含孔复合材料层合板的三维渐进损伤破坏模型。利用该损伤破坏模型,研究了在轴向拉伸载荷作用下不同圆孔直径和铺层角度的复合材料层合板的纤维和基体的渐进损伤失效过程及规律。结果表明:不同铺层角度条件下,纤维和基体的损伤失效差别较大;圆孔直径和铺设角度对含孔复合材料层合板的失效破坏载荷的影响十分显著,而铺设顺序和开孔位置对失效破坏载荷的影响较小。建立的失效破坏模型能有效地分析层合板的渐进失效破坏过程,为层合板的工程应用和设计提供有益的参考。     

碳纤维复合材料制造轻质量空间光学反射镜

用碳纤维复合材料制造空间光学镜面结构是满足空间光学反射镜轻量化轻型要求的途径之一,概要介绍国际上将碳纤维复合材料用于光学镜面中的现有技术水平、发展趋势及国内现状。利用有限元法,通过对复合材料层合板铺层设计制造出小口径(260mm)反射镜加以实验验证其光学性能以及稳定性,研究碳纤维复合材料用于光学镜面有可能达到的精度以及尚需解决的问题。     

爆炸冲击作用下铝蜂窝板失稳研究

基于非线性动力学软件AUTODYN,对铝蜂窝夹芯板在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的失稳过程进行三维数值模拟。通过建立不同参数规格的铝蜂窝夹芯板的实体模型,研究其前、后面板在TNT爆炸冲击作用下的动态响应及塑性阶段的失稳变形。计算结果表明:随着铝蜂窝板前、后面板厚度,夹芯层铝箔高度和厚度的增加,铝蜂窝板在爆炸冲击载荷下的最终残余变形量均明显减小,抵抗变形的能力增强;对于夹芯层胞元形状不同但相对密度相同的铝蜂窝板,因冲击载荷下单轴压缩"惯性效应"差异较小,其面板在爆炸载荷作用下的最终残余变形量差异不大。     

激光辐照下预加载CFRC层合板断裂行为实验研究

针对激光与机械载荷联合作用下碳纤维/环氧树脂增强复合材料（CFRC）层合板失效时间的预测需求,实验研究了不同激光功率密度（70～210 W/cm2）、不同预应力水平（拉伸强度的50%和70%）、不同光斑尺寸（拉伸试件宽度的70%和100%）下2 mm厚层合板的失效机理,获取了不同影响因素对断裂时间的影响规律。结果表明:预加载层合板失效机制为迎光面环氧树脂基底材料热解、纤维氧化断裂,背光面剩余结构偏脆性断裂;在预应力一定条件下,试件断裂时间与辐照激光功率密度成指数规律;预应力水平对断裂时间影响显著。     

基于等效模型的多层蜂窝堆栈ULE反射镜优化设计研究

针对现有Φ1m ULE○R空间反射镜减重需求,采用多层蜂窝堆栈构型进行轻量化设计。为提高这类新构型的设计效率,推导了多层蜂窝堆栈反射镜的等效建模方法,分析了结构参数变化对等效模型计算精度的影响以及对蜂窝堆栈反射镜面型、基频的影响。结合等效模型与响应面法提出了多层蜂窝堆栈反射镜的高效设计方法,规避了详细模型建模复杂、计算耗时长的缺陷。基于所提方法设计的Φ1m主镜质量为56kg,面形RMS值为1.84nm。设计结果表明方法能有效提高多层蜂窝堆栈反射镜的设计效率。     

超声图像中复合材料褶皱形态的Mask-RCNN识别方法

复合材料在制造和使用过程中不可避免地会产生褶皱缺陷,因其形态变化多样,形变程度较小,人工辨认存在一定障碍,容易出现错漏情况.为提高检测效率,提出利用Mask-RCNN(Mask region-based convolutional neural net works)目标检测算法对复合材料超声图像中不同形态的褶皱缺陷进行检测并分类.制备含有不同形态褶皱缺陷的碳纤维复合材料层合板,利用超声相控阵采集全矩阵数据;通过波数成像算法得到复合材料层合板纵切面图像,根据地质层中褶皱的几何学特征,将复合材料层合板中存在的不同褶皱分为三类,进而建立褶皱形态与材料损伤程度之间的关系;提出Mask-RCNN算法用于褶皱缺陷的自动检测并分类,该算法中语义分割的引入可显示褶皱缺陷的位置和形状.实验结果表明:Mask-RCNN对不同形态褶皱识别的准确率分别达到92.1%,90.9%和93.3%,褶皱分类识别准确、有效.为实现复合材料层合板数据采集-成像-缺陷判别一体化、自动化提供了理论支撑.     

超高速摄影中蜂窝结构转镜的设计与力学分析

 提出了蜂窝结构的三面体转镜,对这种新型转镜做了结构设计,并利用3维有限元计算技术,分析了蜂窝结构的三面体铝合金转镜的力学性能。结果表明：对镜面尺寸17.325 mm、轴向长度32.5 mm的三面体铝合金转镜,在5×10 ⁴ r/min转速下,镜面最大变形量为0.547 μm,约为原结构铝合金转镜镜面的16%,与相同结构尺寸的铍转镜镜面变形量处于相同量级;内部最大应力小于原结构铝合金转镜。     

Frictional figures of merit for single layered nanostructures

We determine the frictional figures of merit for a pair of layered honeycomb nanostructures, such as graphane, fluorographene, MoS2 and WO2 moving over each other, by carrying out ab initio calculations of interlayer interaction under constant loading force. Using the Prandtl-Tomlinson model we derive the critical stiffness required to avoid stick-slip behavior. We show that these layered structures have low critical stiffness even under high loading forces due to their charged surfaces repelling each other. The intrinsic stiffness of these materials exceeds critical stiffness and thereby the materials avoid the stick-slip regime and attain nearly dissipationless continuous sliding. Remarkably, tungsten dioxide displays a much better performance relative to others and heralds a potential superlubricant. The absence of mechanical instabilities leading to conservative lateral forces is also confirmed directly by the simulations of sliding layers.     

Low frequency sound insulation using stiffness control with honeycomb panels

A new honeycomb core design has been used to increase the stiffness of the panel and applied to improve the noise transmission loss at frequencies between 100 and 200 Hz. A model is presented to predict the transmission loss of the honeycomb panels based on the structural modal parameters. A new test specimen with fiber reinforced plastic cores and face sheets had been used to investigate the effect of stiffness and damping on noise transmission loss. The measurements of noise transmission loss have been compared with data for common structural panels. The results show that the new core fabrication techniques using moulding to improve the noise transmission are effective. In comparison to a cement panel of the same mass, the honeycomb panels have higher TL at low frequencies between 100 and 200 Hz due to higher stiffness and damping. The honeycomb panels have more significant vibration responses above 500 Hz but these are limited by damping.     

轻质碳化硅反射镜抛光过程镜面变形影响的研究

轻量化的碳化硅反射镜有自己独特的结构特点,加工中的变形与传统实体反射镜不同,对加工后的面形结果有独特的影响。对一直径为318mm的轻量化碳化硅反射镜进行了传统的研磨抛光,由于镜面变形对抛光结果带来了很大的影响,其面形误差的RMS值在0.048λ(λ=0.6328μma)左右就不再收敛。对抛光状态的镜体进行了有限元分析,探讨了减轻镜面变形对抛光结果影响的方法。采用计算机控制小磨头对该反射镜进行了确定性抛光,有效地降低了镜面形变的影响,使面形满足了精度的要求。     

大口径铝合金主反射镜设计与分析

针对铝合金材料,设计了大口径红外相机主反射镜,反射镜口径420 mm。以径厚比、支撑点数量和轻量化结构形式为输入点,设计了一种背部开放式、三角形轻量化结构和背部3点支撑的结构形式。通过有限元分析软件对反射镜的动态刚度及自重和温度载荷下的面形变化进行了分析。分析结果表明:反射镜具有高的动态刚度,反射镜自重工况和-40 ℃均匀温降下,面形精度RMS分别为30 nm和0.2 nm,均满足光学设计提出的/10（=632.8 nm）指标要求,为大口径铝合金反射镜的设计提供了理论依据。     

Fabrication of honeycomb AuTe monolayer with Dirac nodal line fermions

Two-dimensional honeycomb lattices show great potential in the realization of Dirac nodal line fermions (DNLFs). Here, we successfully synthesized a gold telluride (AuTe) monolayer by direct tellurizing an Au(111) substrate. Low energy electron diffraction measurements reveal that it is (2×2) AuTe layer stacked onto (3×3) Au(111) substrate. Moreover, scanning tunneling microscopy images show that the AuTe layer has a honeycomb structure. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that it is a single-atom layer. In addition, first-principles calculations demonstrate that the honeycomb AuTe monolayer exhibits Dirac nodal line features protected by mirror symmetry, which is validated by angle-resolved photoemission spectra. Our results establish that monolayer AuTe can be a good candidate to investigate 2D DNLFs and provides opportunities to realize high-speed low-dissipation devices.     

A numerical modeling for eigenvibration analysis of honeycomb sandwich panels

The eigenvibration properties of honeycomb sandwich panels are investigated in this paper. A new numerical modeling for eigenvibration analysis of the honeycomb sandwich panels is proposed under the assumption that the orthotropic shell and two kinds of beam elements represent face materials, adhesive layers and honeycomb core, respectively. The shell element is also connected to the beam element through the thickness. The effects of geometry of honeycomb core and thickness of face material on the eigenfrequency are examined through the comparisons between finite element simulation and experimental results. It is shown as a result that the eigenvibration properties depend strongly on the face material rigidity and honeycomb core geometry. The implications of the findings for the design of eigenvibration of honeycomb sandwich panels are discussed from the point of view of overall flexural rigidity.     

Honeycomb discharge for diesel exhaust cleaning

Selectivity and energy efficiency of plasma chemical processes can be significantly improved if plasma is combined with a catalyst. The generation of stable discharge plasma inside the narrow capillaries of an automobile catalytic honeycomb is, however, quite difficult. This paper presents a novel method which utilizes the combination of packed-bed or barrier discharge connected in series with the honeycomb capillaries. By the application of DC voltage across the capillaries, streamers are extended from the packed-bed discharge into the capillaries. With this method, ionization can be made inside fine channels of honeycomb catalyst made of insulating materials. This discharge is designated as “honeycomb discharge”. Electrical and optical characteristics of the honeycomb discharge are measured.     

Application of pulse acoustic microscopy technique for 3D imaging bulk microstructure of carbon fiber-reinforced composites

Impulse acoustic microscopy technique is applied for 3D imaging of bulk microstructure of composite materials. Short pulses of focused high-frequency ultrasound have been employed for layer-by-layer imaging of internal microstructure of carbon fiber-reinforced composite (CFRC) laminates. The method provides spatial resolution of 60 microm and in-depth resolution of 80 microm, approximately. Echo signals reflected from structural units--plies, fiber bundles; and microflaws form acoustic images of microstructure at different depth inside samples. The images make it possible to see ply arrays, packing of bundles in plies; binding material distribution over the specimen body. They reveal failure of interply adhesion, buckling of single plies and fiber bundles, internal defoliations and disbonds, voids in the specimen body. The series of successive images offer outstanding possibilities to reconstruct the bulk structure, to estimate local variations of properties, topological and geometrical characteristics of structural components. The imaging technique has been applied to study different types of fiber packing--unidirectional, cross-ply and woven laminates. Mechanisms of ultrasonic contrast for diverse elements in acoustic images of CFRC laminate bulk microstructure and structural defects are discussed.