乙基溴及其阳离子的低能激发态从头算研究

应用ANO-S基组以及ECP基组在CASSCF理论水平下计算了乙基溴及其阳离子的低能激发态几何构型, 并应用CASPT2方法对动态相关能进行单点能校正. 根据乙基溴基态能量和相应阳离子电子态的能量差对光电子谱(Photoelectron spectrum)的谱线进行了理论指认. 在乙基溴的基态预测几何下, 进行了谐振频率计算, 对各个振动频率进行了理论指认. 计算结果与实验值符合得较好.     

基于异噁唑酮类份菁染料的激发态分子内质子转移的研究

运用量子化学理论计算方法研究了3-甲基-4-(1H-吲哚-3-次甲基)-异噁唑-5-酮(A)及其衍生物份菁染料的激发态分子内质子转移性质.研究表明:在基态3种染料AH(R=H),AO(R=—O(H3))和AP(R=—O(H2Ph))只存在酮式构型,在激发态AH与AP存在酮式和烯醇式2种构型,而AO存在酮式、烯醇式和仲胺式3种构型.红外光谱表明化合物从基态跃迁到激发态存在分子内的氢键增强作用,势能曲线显示激发态的质子转移为放热反应且能垒较低,通过分析电子光谱得到具有较大斯托克位移的激发态分子内质子转移的荧光发射峰,前线分子轨道理论计算进一步说明了其质子转移的发生过程.     

氰基铝(AlCN)及其阴阳离子低能激发态的理论研究

在C2v对称性下,采用全活化空间自洽场(CASSCF)和多组态二级微扰理论(CASPT2)方法研究氰基铝(AlCN)及其阴阳离子的基态和低能激发态.在ANO-L基组水平下,计算了AlCN及其阴阳离子低能电子态的几何,组态及其相互作用系数,谐振频率,绝热激发能,垂直激发能和振子强度.在CASSCF/CASPT2理论水平下,计算得到AlCN的11Π电子态的绝热激发能为352.4kJ·mol-1,与实验值344.0kJ·mol-1符合得很好.另外,预测AlCN的跃迁X1Σ+→21Π发生在673.1kJ·mol-1.激发能和振子强度的计算为研究AlCN的吸收光谱提供理论指导.     

环氧乙烷均聚反应机理的理论研究

借助量子化学理论计算方法对环氧乙烷均聚反应历程进行了理论探讨．采用DFT中的B3LYP方法在6-311G^**基组下对环氧乙烷基态和激发态以及亲核试剂和亲电试剂进攻环氧乙烷反应产物进行几何构型全优化,确定了各物种的电子结构、电荷分布和键长等参数．运用前线轨道理论从微观电子结构层次上对环氧乙烷的各种均聚反应机理进行了分析,探讨了阳离子均聚和阴离子均聚机理的合理性．由于受到前线轨道对称性和能级差的限制,环氧乙烷的基态分子不能发生均聚,同样也不能发生自由基均聚;而当环氧乙烷基态分子被亲电试剂或亲核试剂进攻时,可以进一步生成新的亲电或亲核试剂从而引发环氧乙烷均聚．计算结果很好地阐明了实验事实．     

含1,3-二硫-2叶立德烯的系列有机发色团的二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

设计了12个含有1,3-二硫-2叶立德烯的具有二阶非线性光学性质的有机发色团,对所研究分子用AM1方法进行几何构型优化,用INDO/CI方法获得基态到各激发态的垂直跃迁能和振子强度,即电子光谱;在此基础上用SOS公式计算系列分子的二阶非线性光学系数β_ijk,并从微观上对这一系列分子进行比较,为进一步探索综合性能较好的NLO有机物提供了理论指导.     

PH2^+基态及低激发态的构型优化及光谱性质理论研究

本文报道了PH2^+的一组新的ab initio计算结果。给出了PH2^+的基态(X^1A1)及几个低激发态的电子结构和几何构型。这些态的稳定构型都是在MRSD CI水平上优化得到的。在此基础上, 确定了基态到这些低激发态的跃迁能和部分跃迁的振子强度和辐射寿命。     

IrR(CO)(PH3)2(mnt)配合物的基态和激发态结构及光谱性质的 理论研究

应用MP2和CIS方法分别优化了IrR(CO)(PH3)2(mnt) [mnt＝maleonitriledithiolate; R＝H (1), CH3 (2), Br (3)]系列配合物的基态和激发态几何结构. 使用TD-DFT方法计算了配合物的吸收和发射光谱. 计算结果表明: 配合物1～3在430, 435及439 nm处的最低能吸收均为ILCT/LLCT/MLCT混合跃迁性质, 它们的最低能磷光发射和吸收性质相似, 发射波长则红移至760, 770和800 nm. 配合物2与 1的几何结构、光谱性质都很接近, 而配合物3中, 由于溴的引入使其基态和激发态几何构型及前线分子轨道成分与1和2有很大不同, 进而对其光谱及跃迁性质产生了影响.     

2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑分子内质子转移取代基电子效应的密度泛函理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)和TDB3LYP/6-31++G(d,p)//CIS/6-31G(d,p)水平上研究了2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑及其衍生物基态和激发态分子内质子转移现象,并探讨取代基电子效应对分子内质子转移的影响,研究结果表明,在基态时,硫醇式异构体为优势构象,供电子取代基使基态分子内正向质子转移能垒(烯醇式→酮式)升高;而吸电子取代基则可降低能垒,有利于基态分子内质子转移并有助于硫酮式异构体的稳定.在激发态时,硫酮式结构为优势构象,所研究的2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑化合物及衍生物均可以发生无能垒或低能垒(≤1.5kJ/mol)的激发态分子内质子转移.巯苯基部分是激发态失活的主要活性部分,供电子基团有利于激发态的质子转移,吸电子基团使激发态跃迁困难,不利于激发态的质子转移.     

9-苯基芴-4-三苯胺电致发光材料的光电性质

采用HF方法和DFT/B3LYP方法对一种新型的含芴三苯胺,即9-苯基芴-4-三苯胺有机化合物进行了基态结构全优化,CIS方法获得分子最低激发态结构,并采用TD-DFT方法计算分子的吸收光谱和发射光谱.计算结果表明,该分子从基态到激发态的跃迁,几何结构变化主要表现在分子中心三苯胺中苯环和N原子之间的二面角上,吸收及发射光谱的计算结果与实验值一致,吸收光谱为324.52nm,发射光谱为379.01nm,荧光寿命较长,为60.6637ns,是优良的典型蓝色有机电致发光材料.     

生色团连接的苯骈三氮唑衍生物的激发态分子内质子转移

用从头算和密度泛函理论研究了对硝基二苯乙烯作为生色团连接的2-(2-羟基-苯基)-苯骈三氮唑的衍生物2-羟基-5-[对硝基-二苯乙烯基-氧亚甲基]-苯基-(2H-苯骈三氮唑)(C1)和4′-硝基-3,4-二[2-羟基-(2H-苯骈三氮唑)-苄氧基]-二苯乙烯(C2)发生激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)的可能性.系统研究了C1和C2发生ESIPT的互变异构体的基态与激发态的性质变化,包括相关的键长、键角等结构参数,Mulliken电荷和偶极矩,前线轨道以及势能曲线.计算结果表明,对于C1来讲,酮式(keto)的基态(K)不存在稳定结构,因此发生基态分子内质子转移(GSIPT)可能性很小.酮式的激发态(K*)的氢键强度要远强于烯醇式(enol)的激发态(E*)的氢键强度.分子在光致激发后,质子供体所带负电荷减小而质子受体所带负电荷增加.在K*,HOMO→LUMO的电子跃迁导致电子密度从"酚环"向质子化杂环转移.E*→K*跃迁只需要克服较小的能垒(约41 kJ.mol-1).计算结果表明C1发生ESIPT的可能性很大.C2由于具有高能量,其具有基态的单质子转移特征的异构体EK(同时含烯醇E与酮K结构)、具有基态的双质子转移特征的异构体2K(含有双酮结构),以及具有双酮结构特征的激发态2K*均无法获得它们的稳定结构,因此,基态分子内单或双质子转移和激发态分子内双重质子转移发生的可能性极小.然而,由于双烯醇式的激发态(2E*)和EK的激发态(EK*)存在稳定结构,且2E*→EK*跃迁具有低能垒,因此C2有可能发生激发态分子内单重质子转移.本文进一步计算了两个分子的紫外-可见吸收光谱与荧光发射光谱,获得了具有较大斯托克位移的ESIPT的荧光发射峰.     

CASSCF and CASPT2 studies on the structures, transition energies, and dipole moments of ground and excited states for azulene

The electronic structure of azulene molecule has been studied. We have obtained the optimized structures of ground and singlet excited states by using the complete active space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) method, and calculated vertical and 0-0 transition energies between the ground and excited states with second-order M?ller-Plesset perturbation theory (CASPT2). The CASPT2 calculations indicate that the bond-equalized C(2v) structure is more stable than the bond-alternating C(s) structure in the ground state. For a physical understanding of electronic structure change from C(2v) to C(s), we have performed the CASSCF calculations of Duschinsky matrix describing mixing of the b(2) vibrational mode between the ground (1A(1)) and the first excited (1B(2)) states based on the Kekule-crossing model. The CASPT2 0-0 transition energies are in fairly good agreement with experimental results within 0.1-0.3 eV. The CASSCF oscillator strengths between the ground and excited states are calculated and compared with experimental data. Furthermore, we have calculated the CASPT2 dipole moments of ground and excited states, which show good agreement with experimental values.     

HSO自由基电子基态激发态的CAS计算研究

使用CASSCF方法和ANO-L基组优化了HSO自由基的基态和3个低占据激发态的结构, 并采用包括更多电子动态相关能的CASPT2方法进行了单点能校正. 频率计算结果表明, 优化的4个几何为势能面上的稳定点. 通过电子结构的研究合理地解释了各个激发态相对于电子基态的结构变化.     

乙基硫自由基及阴、阳离子低电子激发态从头算研究

采用CASSCF方法和6-311++(3df, 3pd)基组以及Cs对称性优化了乙基硫自由基和阳、阴离子3种分子的12个电子态的几何构型. 利用二级微扰方法(CASPT2)对这12个电子态做了单点能校正. 通过比较自由基与阴阳离子的能量, 得出了绝热电子亲和势和绝热电子电离能, 与实验结果在允许误差范围内基本一致.     

OClO里德堡态激发能的准确预测及其阴离子低能激发态的从头算研究

采用全活化空间自洽场方法(CASSCF)研究了OClO阴离子7个低能电子态及其自由基的基态. 为了进一步考虑动态电子相关效应, 采用二级多组态微扰理论(CASPT2)获得更加可靠的能量值. 此外, 在ANO-L基组的基础上, 在OClO自由基的电荷中心增加了为研究里德堡态所建立的1s1p1d的波函数, 并应用多组态二级微扰理论(MS-CASPT2)方法获得了里德堡态的准确电子激发能.     

Relativistic calculations of ground and excited states of LiYb molecule for ultracold photoassociation spectroscopy studies

We report a series of quantum-chemical calculations for the ground and some of the low-lying excited states of an isolated LiYb molecule by the spin-orbit multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (SO-MS-CASPT2). Potential energy curves, spectroscopic constants, and transition dipole moments (TDMs) at both spin-free and spin-orbit levels are obtained. Large spin-orbit effects especially in the TDMs of the molecular states dissociating to Yb((3)P(0,1,2)) excited states are found. To ensure the reliability of our calculations, we test five types of incremental basis sets and study their effect on the equilibrium distance and dissociation energy of the ground state. We also compare CASPT2 and CCSD(T) results for the ground state spectroscopic constants at the spin-free relativistic level. The discrepancies between the CASPT2 and CCSD(T) results are only 0.01 ? in equilibrium bond distance (R(e)) and 200 cm(-1) in dissociation energy (D(e)). Our CASPT2 calculation in the supermolecular state (R=100 a.u.) with the largest basis set reproduces experimental atomic excitation energies within 3% error. Transition dipole moments of the super molecular state (R=100 a.u.) dissociating to Li((2)P) excited states are quite close to experimental atomic TDMs as compared to the Yb((3)P) and Yb((1)P) excited states. The information obtained from this work would be useful for ultracold photoassociation experiments on LiYb.     

Spiro[4.4]nonatetraene and its Positive and Negative Radical Ions: Molectronic Structure Investigations

The electronic structure of spiro[4.4]nonatetraene 1 as well as that of its radical anion and cation were studied by different spectroscopies. The electron‐energy‐loss spectrum in the gas phase revealed the lowest triplet state at 2.98 eV and a group of three overlapping triplet states in the 4.5 – 5.0 eV range, as well as a number of valence and Rydberg singlet excited states. Electron‐impact excitation functions of pure vibrational and triplet states identified various states of the negative ion, in particular the ground state with an attachment energy of 0.8 eV, an excited state corresponding to a temporary electron attachment to the 2b₁ MO at an attachment energy of 2.7 eV, and a core excited state at 4.0 eV. Electronic‐absorption spectroscopy in cryogenic matrices revealed several states of the positive ion, in particular a richly structured first band at 1.27 eV, and the first electronic transition of the radical anion. Vibrations of the ground state of the cation were probed by IR spectroscopy in a cryogenic matrix. The results are discussed on the basis of density‐functional and CASSCF/CASPT2 quantum‐chemical calculations. In their various forms, the calculations successfully rationalized the triplet and the singlet (valence and Rydberg) excitation energies of the neutral molecule, the excitation energies of the radical cation, its IR spectrum, the vibrations excited in the first electronic absorption band, and the energies of the ground and the first excited states of the anion. The difference of the anion excitation energies in the gas and condensed phases was rationalized by a calculation of the Jahn‐Teller distortion of the anion ground state. Contrary to expectations based on a single‐configuration model for the electronic states of 1 , it is found that the gap between the first two excited states is different in the singlet and the triplet manifold. This finding can be traced to the different importance of configuration interaction in the two multiplicity manifolds.     

Photochemistry of protonated nitrosamine: chemical inertia of NH2NOH+ versus reactivity of NH3NO+

The photochemical behavior of the protonated simplest nitrosamine [NH2NO-H](+) has been addressed by means of the CASPT2//CASSCF methodology in conjunction with the ANO-L basis sets. The relative stability of the different tautomers, namely, (1) NH2NOH(+), (2) NH3NO(+), and (3) NH2NHO(+), has been considered, and the corresponding tautomerization transition states have been characterized. With respect to the most chemically relevant species, it has been found that NH2NOH(+) corresponds to a bound structure, while NH3NO(+) corresponds to an adduct between NH3 and NO(+) at both CASSCF and CASPT2 levels of theory. Vertical transition calculations and linear interpolations on the homolytic dissociation of NH3NO(+) in combination with previous results on neutral nitrosamine [J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125, 164311] and neutral N,N-dimethylnitrosamine [J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 4741] indicate that, in acidic diluted solutions, the protonation of nitrosamine takes place on the excited surface. The N-N dissociation channels have been studied both in ground and first excited singlet state. An S1/S0 conical intersection is found to be responsible for the photostability of NH2NOH(+). On the contrary, NH3NO(+) is photochemically unstable as its first excited state is purely dissociative. The latter species is characterized by a twofold reactivity: the formation of nitrosyl cation (NO(+)) in the ground state and the photorelease of physiologically relevant nitric oxide radical (NO) in its first excited state.     

The 1 (2)A(1), 1 (2)B(2), and 1 (2)A(2) states of the SO(2) (+) ion studied using multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory

The 1 (2)A(1), 1 (2)B(2), and 1 (2)A(2) electronic states of the SO(2) (+) ion have been studied using multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) and two contracted atomic natural orbital basis sets, S[6s4p3d1f]/O[5s3p2d1f] (ANO-L) and S[4s3p2d]/O[3s2p1d] (ANO-S), and the three states were considered to correspond to the observed X, B, and A states, respectively, in the previous experimental and theoretical studies. Based on the CASPT2/ANO-L adiabatic excitation energy calculations, the X, A, and B states of SO(2) (+) are assigned to 1 (2)A(1), 1 (2)B(2), and 1 (2)A(2), respectively, and our assignments of the A and B states are contrary to the previous assignments (A to (2)A(2) and B to (2)B(2)). The CASPT2/ANO-L energetic calculations also indicate that the 1 (2)A(1), 1 (2)B(2), and 1 (2)A(2) states are, respectively, the ground, first excited, and second excited states at the ground-state (1 (2)A(1)) geometry of the ion and at the geometry of the ground-state SO(2) molecule. Based on the CASPT2/ANO-L results for the geometries, we realize that the experimental geometries (determined by assuming the bond lengths to be the same as the neutral ground state of SO(2)) were not accurate. The CASPT2/ANO-S calculations for the potential energy curves as functions of the OSO angle confirm that the 1 (2)B(2) and 1 (2)A(2) states are the results of the Renner-Teller effect in the degenerate (2)Pi(g) state at the linear geometry, and it is clearly shown that the 1 (2)B(2) curve, as the lower component of the Renner splitting, lies below the 1 (2)A(2) curve. The UB3LYP/cc-pVTZ adiabatic excitation energy calculations support the assignments (A to (2)B(2) and B to (2)A(2)) based on the CASPT2/ANO-L calculations.     

Probing the rhodopsin cavity with reduced retinal models at the CASPT2//CASSCF/AMBER level of theory

We show that the ab initio CASPT2//CASSCF strategy previously used to investigate the ground and excited states of the chromophore of the vision receptor rhodopsin (Rh) in vacuo can be successfully implemented in a QM/MM scheme allowing for CASPT2//CASSCF/AMBER geometry optimization and excited state property evaluation in proteins. Two receptor models (Rh-1 and Rh-2) incorporating different reduced chromophores are investigated. It is shown that Rh-2 features a chromophore equilibrium structure with the correct helicity and a lambdamax that is only 52 nm blue-shifted from the observed value. This result should open the way to a qualitatively correct ab initio QM/MM modeling of the early excited state transient species involved in the vision process.