稀土提高菠菜老化种子活力的作用机制研究简介

实验研究表明,用稀土元素处理能增加水稻、小麦等种子的发芽率,促进幼苗的生长。我们过去的研究工作表明经La3 ,Ce3 处理后,自然和人工老化种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数都有明显提高,呼吸作用增强,其中La3 在400-600μmol·L～1,Ce3 在10-20μmol·L-1浓度范围内处理的效果较好,种子活力、呼吸速率提高最明显,抗氧化酶活性显著增强。     

过氧化物模拟酶在介体型生物传感器方面应用初探

meso-四(4-磺基苯)卟啉锰(Ⅲ)作为过氧化物模拟酶可催化H_2O_2与K_4Fe(CN)_6反应。电流响应与H_2O_2浓度在3.0×10~(-4)～1.0×10~(-3)mol/L范围内呈线性关系。重现性和回收率良好。抗坏血酸和DL-半胱氨酸干扰严重。     

促进非水相酶反应的研究进展

198 6年 klibanov[1] 发现 ,许多酶可以在有机相中进行有效的催化 ,而且有些酶在有机相中的活性和稳定性比在水相中还高 .随后十几年 ,对非水相酶反应的研究取得了突破性的进展 ,而且还实现了一些非水相酶反应在工业生产方面的应用 (如油脂改良等 ) .与水相中的酶反应相比 ,非水相中的酶反应有它独特的优越性 ,尤其是在有机合成方面 .主要表现在 :有利于疏水性物质的反应 ;可改变反应的平衡方向 ;可催化水相中不能进行的反应 ;可以控制底物专一性 ;可提高酶的稳定性 ;便于消除底物和产物的抑制作用 ;酶和产物易于回收 ;可减少微生物的污染 .…     

聚苯胺葡萄糖氧化酶电极的催化过程

用电化学方法固定在直径为0.5mm铂丝上的聚苯胺(PANI)葡萄糖(GOD)电极对葡萄糖有催化氧化作用.在0～-0.6V(vs.SCE)的电极范围内,在电极的循环伏安曲线上观察到与葡萄糖浓度有关的氧的还原峰和GOD还原态的氧化峰,用此GOD还原态的氧化峰电流可定量检测葡萄糖的浓度。本文提出在PANI电极上存在着酶反应氧化还原电荷直接传递的可能性。     

溶解性可调节的酶载体制备和固定化酶的研究

本文利用自由基沉淀聚合反应,合成了甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺-顺丁烯二酸酐三元共聚物,测定了这些共聚物形成水不溶性的大分子氢键复合物的临界pH值.利用共聚物上的酸酐基团,直接进行了木瓜蛋白酶的固定化,得到了具有液相酶与固相酶两者优点的新型修饰酶。     

几种酶催化作用的模拟

生物体内进行的化学反应最显著的特点是有着极高的效率和专一性。这种高效性和高选择性应当归功于生物催化剂——酶。酶催化反应的条件温和(在生物体所能承受的温度、压力     

金属胶束——一类新的金属酶模型

综述了金属胶束作为水解酶模型、氧化酶模型及维生素Ｂ６相关酶模型的研究进展，同时对它催化各类反应的机理进行了讨论。     

微胶囊固定化过氧化氢酶

以乙基纤维素为膜材，用液中干燥法将过氧化氢酶微胶囊化，研究了温度和ｐＨ值对酶活性的影响及过氧化氢和尿素对固定化酶的抑制作用，由于乙基纤维素膜的保护，明胶对ｐＨ值的缓冲作用及明胶与尿素的反应，明显地扩大了酶对温度和ｐＨ值的适应性，降低了酶活性抑制剂的影响。     

辣根过氧化物酶的电化学固定化及其对H2O2的生物电催化…

利用电化学固定化方法制备了聚吡咯／辣根过氧化物酶（ＰＰ／ＨＲＰ）膜电极，并研究了其电化学行为，在除氧的磷酸盐缓冲液介质中，ＰＰ／ＨＲＰ电极加速Ｈ２Ｏ２的还原，归因子酶加成物的直接电子传递，探索ＨＲＰ与电子传递体Ｋ４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６在聚吡咯（ＰＰ）膜中的同时固定化条件及其膜电极的电化学行为，实验证实，Ｋ４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６在酶膜中的存在使得Ｈ２Ｏ２的还原电位强烈正移，在－０．０５Ｖ的工作电位下能对Ｈ２Ｏ２     

过氧化物酶催化反应机理和动力学研究进展

过氧化物酶（ＥＣ１．１１）是通过Ｈ２Ｏ２或相关化合物来催化多种有机和无机物氧化的血红素蛋白,一般含有铜或铁等金属离子［１］．从动物中获得的过氧化物酶主要有甲状腺过氧化物酶、乳过氧化物酶、髓过氧化物酶等;从植物中获得的过氧化物酶如辣根过氧化物酶、细胞色素Ｃ过氧化物酶,一般都以正铁血红素ＩＸ作为辅基．氯过氧化物酶虽然不是从植物中获得的,但它也以正铁血红素ＩＸ作为辅基．对于过氧化物酶,其酶反应过程包括以下３个步骤：　　　　　　　　　　　　Ｅ＋Ｈ２Ｏ２ＣｏｍｐｏｕｎｄⅠ　　　　　　　　ＣｏｎｐｏｕｎｄⅠ…     

Air Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Induced Germination and Growth Enhancement of Wheat Seed

Air atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD) was attempted to pretreat wheat seed to improve its germination and growth in this study. The effects of the DBD plasma treatment on the wheat seed germination, seedling growth, osmotic-adjustment products, lipid peroxidation level, and antioxidant enzymes activity were investigated. The experimental results showed that the DBD plasma treatment with an appropriate time scale could promote the wheat seed germination and seedling growth. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and vigor index increased by 26.7, 9.1, 16.9, and 46.9% after 7 min’s DBD plasma treatment, respectively; the root length, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the seedlings also increased after the DBD plasma treatment. The osmotic-adjustment products, proline and soluble sugar contents, in the wheat seedlings were significantly enhanced after the DBD plasma treatment with an appropriate time scale, while the malondialdehyde content decreased. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase also increased after the DBD plasma treatment. The DBD plasma treatment led to etching effect on the wheat seed coat, resulting in the improvement of its water absorption capacity.     

Magnetic Field Treatments Improves Sunflower Yield by Inducing Physiological and Biochemical Modulations in Seeds

Magnetic seed enhancement has been practicing as a promising tool to improve germination and seedling growth of low vigor seeds stored under suboptimal conditions, but there is still ambiguity regarding the prospects for magnetism in oilseeds. Present study elucidates the potential of magnetic seed stimulation to improve sunflower germination, growth and yield. Germination and emergence tests were performed to optimize the strength of the magnetic field to sunflower seed enhancement. The seeds were directly exposed to magnetic field strengths of 50, 100 and 150 millitesla (mT) for 5, 10 and 15 min (min) and then standard germination tests were performed. Secondly, the emergence potential of untreated seeds was compared with seed exposed to hydropriming, priming with 3% moringa leaf extract (MLE), priming with magnetically treated water (MTW) for 10 min and priming with 3% MLE solution prepared in magnetically treated water (MTW + MLE). Germination, emergence, seedling growth and seed biochemical properties were used to select the best treatment for field evaluation. The results of the study revealed that magnetic seed treatment with 100 mT for 10 min and seed priming with 3% MLE solution in magnetically treated water (MTW + MLE) significantly improved emergence, crop growth rate and sunflower yield.     

Biogenic Nanoparticle-Mediated Augmentation of Seed Germination,Growth, and Antioxidant Level of Eruca sativa Mill. Varieties

A study was undertaken to examine the influence of biogenic nanoparticles synthesized from Tridax procumbens on different parameters of seed germination, seedling growth, and various biochemical parameters in four Eruca sativa varieties having low percentage of germination. Seeds were treated with different concentrations (30 and 40 ppm) of biogenic nanoparticles, of which 30 ppm was found to be the most effective and was therefore used for subsequent studies. Initially, the effect of biogenic nanoparticles on germination percentage, speed of germination, coefficient of germination, mean germination time, shoot and root length, fresh and dry matter, and vigor index was studied. From the experiments performed and the results obtained, it was evident that the treatment with biogenic nanoparticles decreased the electrolyte leakage and level of malondialdehyde as compared to control. The treatment with biogenic nanoparticles enhanced the levels of proline and ascorbic acid and stimulated the antioxidant enzyme activities resulting in the reduced level of reactive oxygen species. These activities were found to be variety-dependent. The possible involvement of biogenic nanoparticles in the production of new pores in seed coat during their penetration, resulting in the influx of the nutrients inside the seed, is suggested. This accelerated seed germination is followed by rapid seedling growth. The present findings indicated that biogenic nanoparticles promote seed germination in E. sativa by overcoming the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improving the antioxidative defense system which finally result in increased seedling growth.     

Influence of CeO2 and La2O3 on properties of palladium catalysts used for emission control of natural gas vehicles

Pd/YZ-Al2O3 (Y and Zr modified Al2O3, and hereafter, labelled as Al) catalysts with 4 wt% additive CeO2 and/or La2O3 were prepared and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), NO-temperature programmed desorption (NO-TPD), N2-adsorption/desorption (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller BET method), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and CO-chemisorption. Catalytic activities for CH4, CO and NO conversion were tested in a gas mixture simulated the emissions from natural gas vehicles (NGVs) operated under stoichiometric conditions. The results indicated that all catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic performances for CH4 and CO oxidation and the promoting effect of CeO2 or La2O3 was significant for NO conversion. XPS results showed that the electron density around Pd was increased by CeO2 and/or La2O3, the binding energy of Pd 3d decreased as the order: Pd/Al>Pd/Ce/Al>Pd/La/Al>Pd/CeLa/Al. The electron-rich Pd showed Rh-like catalytic properties which exhibited good activity for the reduction of NO. NO-TPD results showed that the addition of CeO2 and/or La2O3 increased NO adsorption on surface, and promoted the conversion of NO.     

The newly isolated endophytic fungus Paraconiothyrium sp. LK1 produces ascotoxin

We have isolated five endophytic fungi from the roots of Capsicum annuum, Cucumis sativus and Glycine max. The culture filtrates (CF) of these endophytes were screened on dwarf mutant rice (Waito-C) and normal rice (Dongjin-byeo). Endophyte CAC-1A significantly inhibited the growth of Waito-C and Dongjin-byeo. Endophyte CAC-1A was identified as Paraconiothyrium sp. by sequencing the ITS rDNA region and phylogenetic analysis. The ethyl acetate fraction of Paraconiothyrium sp. suppressed the germination of Lactuca sativa and Echinochloa crus-galli seeds. The ethyl acetate fraction of the endophyte was subjected to bioassay-guided isolation and we obtained the phytotoxic compound ascotoxin (1) which was characterized through NMR and GC/MS techniques. Ascotoxin revealed 100% inhibitory effects on seed germination of Echinochloa crus-galli. Compound (1) was isolated for the first time from Paraconiothyrium sp.     

Effect of simulated microgravity on aged pea seed vigour and related physiological properties

We used simulated microgravity to treat aged pea seeds, in order to observe its effect on seed vigour and related physiological properties. The result shows that microgravity obviously promotes the germination rate, vitality index, germination index, and keeps the activity of protective enzyme, with conductivity and the content of MDA decreased. These effects gradually disappeared for a certain period after the microgravity administration.     

Artificial amino acids in nickel(II) and nickel(II)/lanthanide(III) chemistry

The synthesis and magnetic properties of five new homo- and heterometallic nickel(II) complexes containing artificial amino acids are reported: [Ni(4)(aib)(3)(aibH)(3)(NO(3))](NO(3))(4)·3.05MeOH (1·3.05MeOH), [Ni(6)La(aib)(12)](NO(3))(3)·5.5H(2)O (2·5.5H(2)O), [Ni(6)Pr(aib)(12)](NO(3))(3)·5.5H(2)O (3·5.5H(2)O), [Ni(5)(OH)(2)(l-aba)(4)(OAc)(4)]·0.4EtOH·0.3H(2)O 6(4·0.4EtOH·0.3H(2)O), and [Ni(6)La(l-aba)(12)][La(2)(NO(3))(9)] (5; aibH = 2-aminoisobutyric acid; l-abaH = l-2-aminobutyric acid). Complexes 1 and 4 describe trigonal-pyramidal and square-based pyramidal metallic clusters, respectively, while complexes 2, 3, and 5 can be considered to be metallocryptand-encapsulated lanthanides. Complexes 4 and 5 are chiral and crystallize in the space groups I222 and P2(1)3, respectively. Direct-current magnetic susceptibility studies in the 2-300 K range for all complexes reveal the presence of dominant antiferromagnetic exchange interactions, leading to small or diamagnetic ground states.     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF LANTHANUM (Ⅲ) COMPLEX WITH CRYPTAND [2,2,1]:H_2[2,2,1]·[La(NO)_3)_2·[2,2,1]]·La-(NO_3)_6·CH_3CN

<正> C34H69La2N13O34(Mr= 1418. 9) belongs to orthorhombic system, space group Pcab with a = 15. 513(3), b = 19. 463(5), c=38. 014(5)(?); Z = 8; V = 11477(4)(?)3; F(000) = 6000; μ=16.1cm-1(MoKa). The final R and Rw are 0. 045 and 0. 045, respectively. The molecule is Composed of one H2[2,2,1]2+, one [La(NO3)2[2,2, 1]]+, one La(NO3)63- and one solvent molecule CH3CN. The La3+ in [La-(NO3)2· [2,2,1]]+ is 11-coordinated by four oxygen atoms from two bidentate NO3- and seven heteroatoms from a [2,2,1] molecule; the La3+ ion in La (NO3)63- is coordinated to six bidentate NO3-. The La - O distances fall in the range of 2. 60-2. 70(?) and the La-N(cryp) mean distance is 2. 88(?).     

硝酸镧对大鼠肝脏的亚慢性毒性实验研究

以大鼠为对象,连续用生理盐水和20,10,2,0．2,0．1mg.kg^-1La(NO3)3灌胃6个月后,观察了体重,肝体比变化;检测了血清中谷草转氨酶,谷丙转氨酶,碱性磷酸酶和δ－谷氨酰转移酶含量的变化,应用组织化学及透射电镜技术观察了不同剂量La(NO3)3对大鼠肝脏形态结构的影响。20mg/kg^-1La(NO3)3组动物体重增长缓慢,0．1mg.kg^-1La(NO3)3组动物体重增加较快;20mg/kg^-1La(NO3)3组肝脏汇管区有炎细胞浸润,有些肝细胞内有少量的脂滴,糖原减少,线粒体基质密度增高,有电子密度高的致密体,肝细胞核形态正常或轻度变形。     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF La(NO_3)_3 COMPLEXES WITH BENZO-15-C-5 AND CYCLOHEXYL-15-C-5

<正> Complex La(NO3)3(Benzo-15-C-5) (C14H20LaN3O14, Mt= 593. 28) crystallizes in the orthorhombic,space group P212121 with a=8. 393(2),b= 16. 624(5), c = 17. 326(4) A ,V = 2417. 6(6) A3,Z = 4,DC= 1. 63gcm-3,F(000) = 1176, μ= 18. 7cm~1(MoKa). The final refinement converged with R = 0. 060 and Rw=0. 065 for 2223observed independent reflections. Complex La ( NO3 )3 ( Cyclohexyl- 15- C- 5 ) (C14H26LaN3O14,MT = 599. 34) is monoclinic,P21/n space group with a=9. 917(4),b= 13. 667(5),c=16. 763(5)A,β=104. 33(3),V = 2201(1)A3,Z=4,Dc=1.81gcm-3, F(000) = 1200,μ= 20. 4cm-1(MoKa).The final refinement converged with R=0. 048 and Rw=0. 036 for 1495 observed independent reflections. In the two complexes,the La (Ⅲ) ion is 11-coordinate and bonded to six oxygen atoms from three bidentate nitrate groups and five oxygen atoms from the crown ether. The average bond lengths of La -O (crown) and La -O(nitrate)are 2. 68 and 2. 61A for La(NO3)3(Benzo-15-C-5) ,re-snectively and 2. 71 and 2. 62 A for La(NO3)3(Cyclohexyl-15-C-5) re