铝交联皂石的合成和表征及催化性能

用XRD、化学分析、IR、MASNMR、TPD等手段表征了合成皂石及其铝交联物的结构。结果表明:皂石的交联密度与四面体层电荷和交联条件(Al/土比)有关。在乙醇氨化反应中,交联皂石显示了较好的催化活性和选择性。皂石的交联密度与液相产物分布的关系表明层柱材料对此反应具有择形催化作用。醇氨化反应可能是在吸附态NH_3和气相醇分子间进行的。     

合成皂石及其交联物在偏三甲苯歧化反应中的催化行为

以羟基铝低聚物与其交联制得柱撑皂石,并在偏三甲苯歧化反应中考察了它们的催化性能.结果表明,催化活性随柱撑皂石表面酸量增加而增加;四甲苯中均四甲苯和二甲苯中邻二甲苯的百分含量皆高于热力学平衡值.催化特性与柱撑皂石的柱密度相关.     

皂石的合成、表征及其催化性能

用水热法合成了皂石,并用羟基铝低聚物与其交联制得AICLS。用XRD、~(27)Al和~(29)Si MASNMR及吡啶吸附量表征其晶相、结构和表面酸性。合成产物的结晶度很高。皂石中T—O—T片内四面体层上铝量可由合成条件控制,表明交联密度的柱间距与铝量有关。在异丙苯裂解反应中,AICLS的活性高于皂石,但活性衰减较慢;样品的催化裂化活性与探针分子可抵达的强酸中心数有关。     

羟基锆及锆铝交联粘土的合成与表征

制备了锆交联粘土和锆铝交联粘土。锆交联粘土制备条件的研究表明，直接用ＺｒＯＣｌ２．８Ｈ２Ｏ水溶液作交联剂，延长老化时间和增大交联剂浓度有利于制备大比表面积高温有序的锆交联粘土。     

“层柱”粘土分子筛稳定性的研究

用差热分析及测定高温水蒸汽减活处理后轻柴油微反裂化活性的方法,表征了交联蒙皂石类“层柱“粘土分子筛的热稳定性及水热稳定性,证明它远远低于REY型分子筛裂化催化剂,甚至低于无定形硅铝催化剂。用X射线衍射方法分析了它的热破坏过程,说明破坏首先是从“层”和“柱”的接头开始,层间域消失,催化活性也相应丧失;继而才是蒙皂石的2:1层破坏。为改进稳定性必须使“层”、“柱”之间的原子形成稳定的配位键。在此础基上,研制成功一种高稳定性的“层柱”粘土分子筛。此样品经800℃常压100%水蒸汽处理17小时后,层间距基本不变,微反活性保留初活性的90%,同样条件下REY型分子筛只保留初活性的52%。新型“层柱”粘土分子筛的水热稳定性超过REY分子筛裂化催化剂。     

镓取代皂石的合成与交联的研究

以XRD、MAS NMR、IR和化学分析等方法研究了镓取代皂石及其羟基铝低聚物交联物。结果表明,Ga占据骨架四面体位置,影响四面体层电荷及Al柱的交联密度。交联物经焙烧后,Al柱与层形成Ga—O—Al_p键,实现了层与柱的交联,而Al_(13)基本结构不变。     

羟基硅铝交联粘土的合成和热稳定性研究

羟基硅铝交联粘土的合成和热稳定性研究孙来生，李栋藩，陶龙骧（中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连１１６０２３）关键词蒙脱土，硅铝柱，热稳定性，~（２７）Ａｌ　ＮＭＲ交联粘土作为一种新型催化材料出现以来，其热稳定性一直是重要研究课题，对影响交联粘土热稳定?..     

层柱人工水热合成皂石的制备与表征(英)

利用具有理想皂石结构的人工水热合成蒙皂石为层原料，通过与羟基聚合铝离子（[Al₁₃O₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺）交换反应合成得到了一种层柱粘土。实验对于该铝柱皂石进行了粉末XRD，FT-IR和TG-DTA表征。氮气吸附实验说明其高温活化（773K，2 h）产物具有很高的BET比表面（360 m²·g^-1）。相对于层柱蒙脱土，层柱皂石显示了更高的催化裂解性能和热稳定性。层柱皂石的异丙苯裂解转化率达到了65%；而层柱蒙脱土的转化率只有4%。这说明层材料的四面体取代对于层柱粘土Br?nsted酸位的形成具有重要的决定作用。氨程序升温脱附实验发现铝柱皂石在350～650 ℃区间具有较强的氨脱附量，表明层柱皂石具有层柱蒙脱土所没有的强酸中心。     

甲醇氨化反应中交联皂石的催化行为

层柱材料是具有规则孔结构且其表面酸性及孔结构可调变的固体酸催化剂.本文合成了皂石,并用十三聚铝羟基络离子(Al_(13))与其交联,在醇氨化反应中研究了此层柱材料孔结构及表面酸性与催化性能间的关系.     

交联镓皂石表面酸性及催化性能的研究

用水热法合成出两种不同镓含量的镓皂石，并用羟基铝低聚物对其进行了交联。对其表面酸性的考察发现，样品的酸量随嫁含量的增加而增大；样品均含有Ｂ酸和Ｌ酸中心，交联样品的Ｂ酸中心比交联前少。对样品催化性能的研究发现，催化活性与镓含量及酸量呈顺变关系。     

Intercalation Compounds between Ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate and Saponite

The retention of ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate by a saponite has been studied. Intercalation compounds were prepared by two different methods: 1) in repose at room temperature and 2) heating at 60 °C under reflux. Contact times between 2 and 12 days were considered for each method. The intercalation compounds obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, chemical analyses and thermal analyses. This characterization indicates that the organic compound is retained both in the interlayer region and at the edge of the clay particles. The amount retained outside of the interlayer space is eliminated by careful washing with benzene and cyclohexane. The results obtained when using acid-activated saponite -obtained by treatment of the clay with dilute HCl solutions- in the intercalation experiments were similar to those obtained when using non-activated saponite.     

层柱皂石的合成、表征及正癸烷临氢异构催化性能

采用高温水热合成法在强碱性条件下,成功制备了有序性很高的三八面体结构的皂石,同时对其进行铝柱柱撑,通过XRD、27Al MAS-NMR、N2吸附脱附、吡啶红外、TGA-DTA、TEM等技术对材料进行了物化表征,并用临氢异构表征了材料的催化性能. 结果表明：层柱皂石具有很好的层柱结构,热稳定性可达800℃以上,且具有较好的正癸烷临氢异构转化率和异构产物收率.     

铝柱联合成皂石上三甲苯转化的研究

以１，３，５－ＴＭＢ和１，２，４－ＴＭＢ转化为模型反应，探讨了铝柱联合成皂石（简称Ａｌ－ＰＳＳ）上表面酸性质的特点。结合不同脱附温度下吡啶吸附量及ＮＨ＿３－ＴＰＤ研究，实验证明，Ａｌ－ＰＳＳ表面具有数目较多，强度较大的酸性中心　和较弱的碱性中心　，与铝柱联天然膨润土（简称Ａｌ－ＣＬＢ）比较，有较高的脱烷基选择性。两种三甲苯在Ａｌ－ＰＳＳ上的转化，不论是单一反应物还是二者混合反应物，其产物分布基本相同，四甲苯在其异构体中含量均高达８０％，说明在本研究反应条件下，两种探针分子以Ａｌ－ＰＳＳ为催化剂进行转化，其产物结构由催化剂结构和性质决定。     

Niobium(V) Saponite Clay for the Catalytic Oxidative Abatement of Chemical Warfare Agents

A Nb^V‐containing saponite clay was designed to selectively transform toxic organosulfur chemical warfare agents (CWAs) under extremely mild conditions into nontoxic products with reduced environmental impact. Thanks to the insertion of Nb^V sites within the saponite framework, a bifunctional catalyst with strong oxidizing and acid properties was obtained. Remarkable activity and high selectivity were observed for the oxidative abatement of (2‐chloroethyl)ethyl sulfide (CEES), a simulant of sulfur mustard, at room temperature with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. This performance was significantly better compared to a conventional commercial decontamination powder.     

Promotion of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in a Saponite Clay Containing Luminescent Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane and Rhodamine Dye

A new hybrid photostable saponite clay with embedded donor–acceptor dyes was prepared and characterized in this work. The saponite is intercalated with a luminescent polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, which transfers the photoexcitation energy directly to an acceptor dye (rhodamine B). The obtained composite material was characterized by means of XRD, TEM microscopy, and UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. A physicochemical study showed that the system behaved as an efficient Förster resonance energy transfer pair, owing to the very good spectral overlap of donor emission (λ_em=510–540 nm) and acceptor absorption in the λ=530–570 nm range. The hybrid material represents the first example of a photonic antenna based on a synthetic saponite clay and can be considered a step forward in the search for new, efficient, and stable materials suitable for light‐harvesting applications.     

Acid/Vanadium‐Containing Saponite for the Conversion of Propene into Coke: Potential Flame‐Retardant Filler for Nanocomposite Materials

Vanadium‐containing saponite samples were synthesized in a one‐pot synthetic procedure with the aim of preparing samples for potential application as fillers for polymeric composites. These vanadium‐modified materials were prepared from an acid support by adopting a synthetic strategy that allowed us to introduce isolated structural V species (H/V‐SAP). The physicochemical properties of these materials were investigated by XRD analysis and by DR‐UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopy of CO that was adsorbed at 100 K; these data were compared to those of a V‐modified saponite material that did not contain any Brønsted acid sites (Na/V‐SAP). The surface‐acid properties of both samples (together with the fully acidic H‐SAP material and the Na‐SAP solid) were studied in the catalytic isomerization of α‐pinene oxide. The V‐containing solids were tested in the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of propene to evaluate their potential use as flame‐retardant fillers for polymer composites. The effect of tuning the presence of Lewis/Brønsted acid sites was carefully studied. The V‐containing saponite sample that contained a marked presence of Brønsted acid sites showed the most interesting performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reactions because they produced coke, even at 773 K. The catalytic data presented herein indicate that the H/V‐SAP material is potentially active as a flame‐retardant filler.     

Intercalation compounds between nicotine and a high surface area Saponite

The retention of nicotine by a high surface area saponite has been studied using two methods: (1) in repose at room temperature, and (2) heating at 70 °C under reflux. Different contact times were considered for each method. The intercalation compounds obtained were studied by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Nicotine is retained both in the interlayer region and at the edge of clay particles. The amount of nicotine retained in the interlayer region has been calculated from thermal analysis and CHN measurements.