四氯合金属(II)酸烷铵在280-500K间的热力学性质和相变 I:四氯合锰(II)酸n-十二烷铵

在280-500K的温度范围内用自动绝热量计测定了(n-C12HxNH3)2MnCl4的热容.发现了两个固-固相变,固ID→固II和固I→固II.前者的相变温度、相变焓和相变熵分别为330.6±0.1K,47.78±0.29kJ.mol^-^1和144.5±0.9J.K^-^1.mol^_^1,后者的对应相变热参数分别为334.5±0.1K,5.96±0.05kJ.mol^-^1和17.82±0.15J.K^-^1.mol^-^1.报道了该物质每隔10K的热力学性质.     

四氯合金属(II)酸烷铵在280-500K间的热力学性质和相变:III.四氯合镉(II)酸n-十二烷铵

在280-500K温度范围内用自动绝热量热计测量了(n-C~1~2H~2~5NH~3)~2CdCl~4的热容。在所研究的温度范围内发现一个固-固相转变, 其相变温度, 相变焓和相变熵分别为(332.4±0.1)K,(48.35±0.33)kJ.mol^-^1和(145.5±1.0)J.K^-^1.mol^-^1。结合已发表的(n-C~1~2H~2~5NH~3)~2MCl~4(M=Mn, Zn)的相变参数讨论了此类配合物的中心原子对其相变的影响。[MCl~4]^2^-配位方式的不同被认为是该类配合物的相变热参数产生差异的主要原因。     

四氯合金属(Ⅱ)酸正烷铵在280—500K间的热力学性质和相变Ⅱ.四氯合锌(Ⅱ)酸正十二烷铵

在利用相变焓储存太阳能等低温热能的研究中,人们已发现无机水合盐类物质有凝析、过冷以及熔化后液体易漏出等缺点.解决这些问题的途径之一是开发固-固相变低温储能材料.(RNH_3)_2MX_4(R=长链正烷基,M=Mn,Cu,Co,Ni,Fe和Zn等二价金属,X=Cl或Br)在300—380K间有相变焓很大的固-固相变,是很有开发前景的固-固相变低温储能材料.我们在第Ⅰ报中报道过(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2MnCl_4的绝热量热学研究结果,本文将报道(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2ZnCl_4(1)在280—500K间的热力学性质和相变热参数.     

四氯合金属(II)酸烷铵在280-500K间的热力学性质和相变:III.四氯合镉(II)酸n-十二烷铵

在280-500K温度范围内用自动绝热量热计测量了(n-C~1~2H~2~5NH~3)~2CdCl~4的热容。在所研究的温度范围内发现一个固-固相转变, 其相变温度, 相变焓和相变熵分别为(332.4±0.1)K,(48.35±0.33)kJ.mol^-^1和(145.5±1.0)J.K^-^1.mol^-^1。结合已发表的(n-C~1~2H~2~5NH~3)~2MCl~4(M=Mn, Zn)的相变参数讨论了此类配合物的中心原子对其相变的影响。[MCl~4]^2^-配位方式的不同被认为是该类配合物的相变热参数产生差异的主要原因。     

四氯合金属(Ⅱ)酸烷铵在280-500K间的热力学性质和相变 Ⅰ.四氯合锰(Ⅱ)酸n-十二烷铵

在280-500K的温度范围内用自动绝热量热计测定了(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_2)_2MnCl_4的热容。发现了两个固-固相变,固_(Ⅲ)→固_(Ⅱ)和固_Ⅰ→固_(Ⅱ)。前者的相变温度、相变焓和相变熵分别为330.6±0.1K,47.78±0.29kJ·mol~(-1)和144.5±0.9J·K~(-1)·mol~(-1),后者的对应相变热参数分别为334.5±0.1K,5.96±0.05kJ·mol~(-1)和17.82±0.15J·K~(-1)·mol~(-1)。报道了该物质每隔10K的热力学性质.     

四氯合金属(Ⅱ)酸烷铵在280-500K间的热力学性质和相变——Ⅲ.四氯合镉(Ⅱ)酸n-十二烷铵

在280-500K温度范围内用自动绝热量热计测量了(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2CdCl_4的热容。在所研究的温度范围内发现一个固-固相转变,其相变温度,相变焓和相变熵分别为(332.4±0.1)K,(48.35±0.33)kJ·mol~(-1)和(145.5±1.0)J·K~(-1)·mol~(-1)。结合已发表的(n=C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2MCl_4(M=Mn,Zn)的相交参数讨论了此类配合物的中心原子对其相变的影响。[MCl_4]~(2-)配位方式的不同被认为是该类配合物的相变热参数产生差异的主要原因。     

四氯合锌酸二(正十一烷基铵)晶体相变的Raman光谱

用Raman光谱研究了[n-C_(11)H_(23)NH_3]_2ZnCl_4(简记为C_nZn)配合物的固-固相变.结果表明,配合物产生的固-固相变主要与烷烃链的堆积结构和分子构象变化有关.在 T_(c1)=25℃的相变是由于烷烃链的侧向堆积和分子构象的有序到部分无序变化.在中间相,分子链局部产生旁式构象.在T_(c2)=87℃的相变主要来源于烷烃链从部分构象有序到完全无序的变化.高温相形成了构象完全无序相.相应于烷烃链的“熔化”.     

四氯合铜酸二烷基铵相变的热分析和红外光谱

用DSC和TG研究了(n-C_nH_(2n+1)NH_3)_2CuCl_4(n=7-12)(记为C_nM)配合物的热稳定性和固-固相变。由红外光谱讨论了C_9Cu三个相的性质。发现C_nM的热稳定性呈奇偶效应; 主相变峰温随链长增长而升高; 相变总ΔH和ΔS也随链增长而加大; 当n≤9时, 高温相为部分无序相; 而n≤10时, 高温相为构象无序相。C_9Cu的主相变主要源自链间堆积结构变化。而在307.7 K的相变主要与烃链有序-无序变化有关。     

四氯合锌酸二(正十一烷基铵)晶体相变的Raman光谱

用Raman光谱研究了[n-C~11H~23NH~3]~2ZnCl~4(简记为C~nZn)配合物的固-固相变。结果表明, 配合物产生的固-固相变主要与烷烃链的堆积结构和分子构象变化有关, 在T~cl=25℃的相变是由于烷烃链的侧向堆积和分子构象的有序到部分无序变化。在中间相, 分子链局部产生旁式构象。在T~c2=87℃的相变主要来源于烷烃链从部分构象有序到完全无序的变化, 高温相形成了构象完全无序相, 相应于烷烃链的"熔化"。     

四氯合锌酸十六烷基铵-四氯合锌酸十八烷基铵二元体系亚固相相图

合成了具有层状结构的热致相变材料四氯合锌酸十六铵(n-C16H33NH3)2ZnCl4,C16Zn)和四氯合锌酸十八铵(n-C18H37NH3)2ZnCl4,C18Zn)(在340~370 K的温度范围内存在着焓值较大的可逆固-固相变)。 并将此2种材料在乙醇溶液中结晶出一系列二元体系。 对二元体系利用差热分析(DTA)和X射线衍射技术进行测定,构筑了C16ZnC18Zn二元体系亚固相相图。 根据相图,确定了w(C16Zn)=41.11%处有中间化合物(n-C16H33NH3)(n-C18H37NH3)ZnCl4的存在,并测定在w(C16Zn)=16.19%和w(C16Zn)=63.07% 2处存在着2个不变的共析点,2个共析点温度分别约为356和353 K。 与同类体系的其它相图相比,在此相图的左右边界存在端际固溶体（α和β）和中间区域存在非化学计量相（γ）。     

α-氨基-α-甲基,1,3-丙二醇从280K到其熔点间的热容和相变

本文用绝热量热计测量了α-氨基-α-甲基-1,3丙二醇从280K到其熔点间的热容和相变, 首次发现该物质在352,89和353,72K处有一个双叉型固-固相变, 并准确测定其熔点为384,08k。双叉型固-固相变和固液相变的相变焓经测定分别为(23,46±0.29)和(2.78±0.05)KJ,mol^-^1提出了"比例分配法", 用以解释两个相变温度极其接运的一级相变的相变焓, 并据此估算组成双叉型相变的两个固-固相变的相变焓分别为(5.00±0.75)和18.46±0.75)KJ,mol-1, 讨论了形成双叉型固一固相变的原因。     

Spin crossover behavior in a family of iron(II) zigzag chain coordination polymers

The paper reports the synthesis and detailed characterization of two new Fe(II) compounds: [Fe(pyim)(2)(bpen)](ClO(4))(2).2C(2)H(5)OH (2) and [Fe(pyim)(2)(bpe)](ClO(4))(2).C(2)H(5)OH (3) (pyim = 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole, bpen = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, and bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene). Both compounds and the earlier synthesized [Fe(pyim)(2)(bpy)](ClO(4))(2).2C(2)H(5)OH (1) (bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) form a family of one-dimensional spin crossover coordination polymers. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements and M?ssbauer spectroscopy have revealed rather gradual spin transitions centered at 176 and 198 K for 2 and 3, respectively. The fitting of magnetic properties with the regular solution model leads to the enthalpy and entropy of spin transitions and the cooperativity parameter equal to DeltaH = 12.3 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS = 68.5 J mol(-1) K(-1), Gamma = 1.80 kJ mol(-1) for 2 and DeltaH = 13.6 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS = 68.1 J mol(-1) K(-1), Gamma = 2.05 kJ mol(-1) for 3. The crystal structures of 2 and 3, resolved by X-ray diffraction at 293 K, belong to the monoclinic space group C2/c (Z = 4). Both compounds display a one-dimensional infinite zigzag-chain structure. The polymer chains are stacked into two-dimensional sheets through intermolecular pi-interactions. The crystal packing of both compounds encloses two kinds of channels in which the counter ions and ethanol molecules are inserted. The DFT calculations of binuclear fragments extracted from three polymers resulted in the energy gaps between the LS and HS states being ordered as the observed transition temperatures. The influence of bridging ligands in the studied family of compounds was found in the modulation of the energy gap between the LS and HS states, leading to different transition temperatures.     

库水硼镁石2MgO.3B2O3.15H2O的65-310K间的比热测定及其热力学性质的计算

用真空绝热量热计测定了库水硼镁石2MgO.3B2O3.15H2O在65-310K间的比热.根据Debye-Einsein函数组合式, 计算了0-65K间的比热, 其误差为0.4%.在65-310K范围内, 每隔5K, 计算了熵、焓和自由能函数.     

Low-Temperature Heat Capacities of Terbium Molybdate Phosphates M 2 I Tb(MoO4)(PO4) (MI = Na or K)

The heat capacities of Na₂Tb(MoO₄)(PO₄) and K₂Tb(MoO₄)(PO₄) were measured by adiabatic calorimetry at low temperatures (6.34–333.74 and 7.20–341.17 K, respectively). Smoothed thermal-capacities values were used to calculate the entropy, enthalpy increments, and reduced Gibbs energy. The respective values at 298.15 K are as follows: for Na₂Tb(MoO₄)(PO₄), C _p ⁰ (298.15 K) = 240.1 ± 0.2 J/(K mol), ⁰ (298.15 K) = 307.4 ± 0.4 J/(K mol), H ⁰(298.15 K) ? H ⁰(0) = 44.95 ± 0.03 kJ/mol, and Φ⁰(298.15 K) = 156.6 ± 0.5 J/(K mol); and for K₂Tb(MoO₄)(PO₄): C _p ⁰ (298.15 K) = 245.1 ± 0.1 J/(K mol), S ⁰(298.15 K) = 322.9 ± 0.1 J/(K mol), H ⁰(298.15 K) ? H ⁰(0) = 46.58 ± 0.02 kJ/mol, and Φ⁰(298.15 K) = 166.6 ± 0.2 J/(K mol). The noncooperative magnetic component of the heat capacity was estimated.     

Complexation of Nickel(II) with Guanosine 5'-Monophosphate and Inosine 5'-Monophosphate: A Potentiometric and Calorimetric Study

The constants (K(s)) and enthalpies (DeltaH(s)) for stacking interactions between purine nucleoside monophosphates were determined by calorimetry; the values thus obtained were guanosine as follows: K(s) = 2.1 +/- 0.3 M(-)(1) and DeltaH(s) = -41.8 +/- 0.8 kJ/mol for adenosine 5'-monophosphate (5'AMP); K(s) = 1.5 +/- 0.3 M(-1) and DeltaH(s) = -42.0 +/- 1.5 kJ/mol for guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'GMP); and K(s) = 1.0 +/- 0.2 M(-1) and DeltaH(s) = -42.3 +/- 1.1 kJ/mol for inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'IMP). The interaction of nickel(II) with purine nucleoside monophosphates was studied using potentiometric and calorimetric methods, with 0.1 M tetramethylammonium bromide as the background electrolyte, at 25 degrees C. The presence in solution of the complexes [Ni(5'GMP)(2)](2)(-) and [Ni(5'IMP)(2)](2)(-) was observed. The thermodynamic parameters obtained were log K(ML) = 3.04 +/- 0.02, log K(ML2) = 2.33 +/- 0.02, DeltaH(ML) = -18.4 +/- 0.9 kJ/mol and DeltaH(ML2) = -9.0 +/- 1.9 kJ/mol for 5'GMP; and log K(ML) = 2.91 +/- 0.01, log K(ML2) = 1.92 +/- 0.01, DeltaH(ML) = -16.2 +/- 0.9 kJ/mol and DeltaH(ML2) = -0.1 +/- 2.3 kJ/mol for 5'IMP. The relationships between complex enthalpies and the degree of macrochelation, as well as the stacking interaction between purine bases in the complexes are discussed in relation to previously reported calorimetric data.     

Phase transitions in mesophase macromolecules. VI. The transitions in poly(oxy-2,2′-dimethylazoxybenzene-4,4′-diyloxydodecanedioyl)

The transitions of poly(oxy-2,2′-dimethylazoxybenzene-4,4′-diyloxydodecanedioyl) (PDAD) have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and light scattering. The mesophase glass devitrifies at 288 K [ΔC_p = 220 J/K mol]. Crystallization from the liquid mesophase can be described between 322 and 362 K by an Avrami expression with an exponent between 3 and 4. Results of light scattering and optical microscopy are in accord with a spherulitic morphology grown after athermal nucleation. Melting of the semicrystalline samples (crystallinity up to 58%) occurs at about 391 K. The heat of fusion of the completely crystalline sample is calculated to be only 13.55 kJ/mol. The mesophase to isotropic phase transition occurs at 418 K with a heat of transition of 4.1 kJ/mol. A general discussion of these transitions is given.     

Schiff碱类向列液晶熔融与清亮过程热力学

用差示扫描量热法及热台显微镜法研究了Schiff碱类向列液晶PEBAB及PBAPB的熔融与清亮过程.给出PEBAB的Tm=378.53K,△Hm=26.48±0.20kJ/mol,△Sm=69.96±0.53J/K.mol,Tc=399.80K,△Hc=929±53J/mol,△Sc=2.32±0.13J/K.mol;对于PBAPB,Tm(II)=352.86K,Tm(I)=354.74K,Tc=384.54K,△Hc=866±25J/mol,△Sc=2.25±0.07J/K.mol.在通过二次加热法消除熔前效应后,得到△Hm(I+II)=12.36±0.17kJ/mol,它不随升温速率改变而变化.本工作测得的清亮焓,在3%的偏差范围内符合平均场理论要求;△H1/△H2=T1/T2;所得清亮熵也与大多数向列型液晶相近.在PBAPB中,在318K左右,还观察到固→固相变等情况,相变焓是13.96±0.35kJ/mol.     

H(2)O Outgassing Properties of Fumed and Precipitated Silica Particles by Temperature-Programmed Desorption

Temperature-programmed desorption was performed at temperatures up to 850 K on as-received fumed and precipitated silica particles. Physisorbed water molecules on both types of silica had activation energies in the range of 38–61 kJ/mol. However, the activation energies of desorption for chemisorbed water varied from 80 to >247 kJ/mol for fumed silica, Cab-O-Sil-M-7D, and 96 to 155 kJ/mol for precipitated silica, Hi-Sil-233. Our results suggest that physisorbed water can be effectively pumped away at room temperature (or preferably at 320 K) in a matter of hours. Chemisorbed water with high activation energies of desorption (>126 kJ/mol) will not escape silica surfaces in 100 years even at 320 K, while a significant amount of the chemisorbed water with medium activation energies (80–109 kJ/mol) will leave the silica surfaces in that time span. Most of the chemisorbed water with activation energies <126 kJ/mol can be pumped away in a matter of days in a good vacuum environment at 500 K. We had previously measured about 0.1–0.4 wt% of water in silica-reinforced polysiloxane formulations containing 21% Cab-O-Sil-M-7D and 4% Hi-Sil-233. Comparing present results with these formulations, we conclude that the adsorbed H₂O and the Si–OH bonds on the silica surfaces are the major contributors to water outgassing from these types of silica-filled polymers.     

Adsorption and thermodynamic characteristics of Hg(II)-SCN complex onto polyurethane foam

The sorption of Hg(II) in the presence of sodium thiocyanate solution onto polyurethane (PUR) foam, an excellent sorbent, has been investigated in detail. Maximum sorption of Hg(II) is achieved from 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution containing 7.5x10(-2) M sodium thiocyanate in 5 min. The sorption data followed both Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The Freundlich constants 1/n and sorption capacity, C(m), are evaluated to be 0.44+/-0.02 and (3.86+/-0.89)x10(-3) mol g(-1). The saturation capacity and adsorption constant derived from Langmuir isotherm are (6.88+/-0.28)x10(-5) mol g(-1) and (5.6+/-0.37)x10(4) dm(3) mol(-1) respectively. The mean free energy (E) of Hg(II)-SCN sorption onto PUR foam computed from D-R isotherm is 12.4+/-0.3 kJ mol(-1) indicating ion-exchange type mechanism of chemisorption. The variation of sorption with temperature yields thermodynamic parameters of DeltaH=-30.7+/-1.2 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS=-70.1+/-4.1 J mol(-1) K(-1) and DeltaG=-9.86+/-0.77 kJ mol(-1) at 298 K. The negative value of enthalpy and free energy reflects the exothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption. On the basis of the sorption data, sorption mechanism has been proposed.