Assignment of absolute configuration to SCH 351448 via total synthesis

The synthesis and absolute configuration of SCH 351448, an interesting ionophoric natural product, are reported herein. Mukaiyama aldol-Prins and segment-coupling Prins reactions were employed to construct the constituent tetrahydropyrans of SCH 351448. Efforts to assemble the C2-symmetric core of the natural product by a templated olefin metathesis strategy are described; however, a stepwise fragment assembly was ultimately utilized to complete the target molecule.     

Synthesis of enantiopure 4-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydroquinolines via an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition

Enantiopure 4-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines are synthesized by using an intramolecular cycloaddition of chiral nitrones prepared from aldehydes 5 and (R)-α-(hydroxymethyl)benzylhydroxylamine. Reaction times of the nitrone cycloaddition were optimized by activation under MW-assisted conditions. The absolute configuration of the products was determined by X-ray analysis.     

Synthesis of a difluorinated carbasugar from d-ribose via intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition reaction

Difluorinated carbasugar 3 has been synthesised from d-ribose via an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition reaction with an overall yield of 22%.     

A stereoselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar nitrone cycloaddition for the synthesis of substituted chromanes

A stereoselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar nitrone cycloaddition useful in the synthesis of chromanes is described. The reaction relies on the use of a chiral auxiliary on the nitrone partner. Key to the success of the reaction is the choice of auxiliary and the choice of Lewis acid catalyst. Utilizing an auxiliary with a pendant coordinating group, and Zn(OTf)(2) as the Lewis acid, diastereoselectivities up to 22:1 could be achieved.     

Asymmetric synthesis and absolute configuration of streptophenazine G

The asymmetric synthesis of the antibacterial natural product, streptophenazine G, has been achieved by employing asymmetric alkylation and asymmetric aldol reactions using chiral oxazolidinones as the key steps. The originally proposed structure for streptophenazine G has been revised, and its absolute configuration has been determined to be 1'S,2'R,6'S. The asymmetric total synthesis of 6'-epi-streptophenazine G is also described.     

N-烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应区域选择性的理论研究I. N-3-丁烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的区域专一性

n-烯基硝酮的分子内环加成反应可能得到氧桥和碳桥的两种产物, 但N-3-丁烯基硝酮却只有单一的氧桥产物, 已被用来合成一系列新的区域专一性人化合物。弄清此反应机理是很有意义的。本文用过渡状理论和AM1方法进行研究, 结果表明,虽然存在得到两种产物的平行反应, 但由于这两个反应的速率常数之比很大, 基本上只得到单一的氧桥产物。生成氧桥产物的反应活化焓比较小, 活化熵比较大。活化熵对反应速率常数比值的贡献是不可忽略的。     

N-烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应区域选择性的理论研究IV. N-4-己烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的区域选择性

本文用AM1 MO方法和过渡状态理论研究N-4-己烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的机理, 计算两个平行反应(a, b)的速率常数的比值, 得到与实验吻合的结果。计算结果还表明, 由于N-5-甲基的电子效应, 使得反应b的活化焓降低, 同时, N-5-甲基引起的构型变化, 使得反应b的活化熵增高(绝对值变小), 这使得K~b/K~a值明显增长, 是区域选择性发生较大改变的原因。     

Asymmetric total synthesis of fredericamycin A: an intramolecular cycloaddition pathway

The asymmetric total synthesis of the potent antitumor antibiotic fredericamycin A ((S)-1) was achieved by the intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of the silylene-protected styrene derivative (S)-7 followed by the aromatic Pummerer-type reaction of the sulfoxide (S)-5. Although we had already succeeded in the total synthesis of racemic 1 by the same approach, synthesis of its asymmetric version was more complicated than we had expected due to the difficulties involved in constructing the quaternary carbon center and the tendency of this center to undergo facile racemization. Racemization of this center during the installation of the acetylene moiety on the dione (R)-8 was the most serious aspect. Systematic studies of its DE-ring analogue (R)-25 revealed that racemization of the quaternary carbon center proceeded by a retro-aldol-aldol reaction of the initial adduct, (1R)-39 a-Li, and that the degree of racemization was dependent on the reaction temperature. The racemization process could be completely depressed by keeping the reaction temperature at -78 degrees C. The construction of the stereogenic quaternary carbon center was achieved by the lipase-catalyzed desymmetrization of the prochiral 1,3-diol 9 a bearing the DEF-ring moiety. These studies enabled us to attain the asymmetric total synthesis of (S)-1 while completely retaining the chiral integrity created by the enzymatic reactions.     

The diastereoselective synthesis of functionalised isoxazolidines using a Cope elimination/intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition strategy

Functionalised hydroxylamine derivatives of (S)-prolinol prepared by a Cope elimination have been found to undergo oxidation to the nitrone either in the presence of air or a catalytic quantity of TPAP. These undergo intramolecular cycloaddition to give tricyclic isoxazolidines with high diastereoselectivity.     

Stereoselective synthesis of chiral oxepanes and pyrans through intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition in organized aqueous media

[reaction: see text] A highly stereoselective surfactant-catalyzed intramolecular nitrone (formed by dehydration in water) cycloaddition in aqueous media leading to exclusive formation of a single isomer is reported. Either oxepane or pyran is formed from 3-O-allyl furanoside derivatives, which constitute the framework of a large number of biologically active compounds. Therefore, the environmentally friendly, efficient, and highly stereoselective syntheses of these chiral intermediates are still a meaningful pursuit.     

Functionalized azabicycloalkane amino acids by nitrone 1,3-dipolar intramolecular cycloaddition

[reaction: see text] An efficient and operationally simple method for the synthesis of functionalized azaoxobicyclo[X.3.0]alkane amino acids has been devised. The key step is an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition on 5-allyl- or 5-homoallylproline that was found to be completely regio- and stereoselective.     

Stereoselective synthesis of novel annulated thiopyrano indole derivatives from simple oxindole via intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrone and nitrile oxide

Synthesis of some novel isoxazolidine/dihydroisoxazole annulated thiopyrano[2,3-b]indole derivatives from simple oxindole via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction involving nitrone and nitrile oxide as 1,3-dipole is reported.     

N-烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应区域选择性的理论研究 3:N-4-甲基-4-戊烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的区域选择性

N-4-甲基-4-戊烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应可以生成氧桥型(Pa)和碳桥型(Pb)两种产物, 其实验产率比约为8:1。而在N-4位未取代的情况下, Pa与Pb的实验产率比约为1:2。可见N-4-甲基使得区域选择性发生了很大的变化。本文用AM1 MO方法和过渡状态理论研究了N-4-甲基-4-戊烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的机理。计算了两个平行反应(a, b)的速率常数的比值, 得到与实验吻合的结果。计算表明, N-4-甲基取代后, a, b两反应的活化熵的相对变化是区域选择性改变的主要因素, 活化焓的相对变化只是一个次要因素。     

Total synthesis of (+)-epilupinine via an intramolecular nitrile oxide-alkene cycloaddition

Total synthesis of (+)-epilupinine was accomplished in nine steps and in 48% overall yield, in which INOC was used as the key step for the construction of the quinolizidine skeleton. We found that it was an extremely difficult task to prepare the key intermediates (R)-N-(3-nitropropyl)-2-vinylpiperidine or (R)-(2-vinylpiperid-1-yl)propanal by routine methods. Thus, by using Fukuyama's oxime synthesis, a general method was developed for highly efficient conversion of 3-(N,N-dialkylamino)propanols into 3-(N,N-dialkylamino)propanal oximes without using the corresponding aldehydes.     

Alkaloid synthesis via the intramolecular imidate methylide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction

A concise synthesis for the neurotoxic physostigmine alkaloid d,l-eserethole is described which relys upon an intramolecular cycloaddition reaction involving a “non-stabilized” imidate methylide and an unactivated alkene. The facility of this cyclization is enhanced by the rigid alignment inforced upon the dipole and dipolarophile by their ortho-disposition on an aryl nucleus. The synthetic limitations of this annulation method were revealed in an attempted synthesis of the erythrina skeleton. In this instance, prototropic rearrangement of the imidate methylide to the isomeric enamine occurred to the exclusion of the desired cyclization reaction.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (−)-chicanine using a highly regioselective intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction and revision of its absolute configuration

First asymmetric synthesis of (−)-chicanine has been accomplished in 14 steps by employing the Evans asymmetric syn-selective aldol reaction, diastereoselective hydroboration and an regioselective, intramolecular Mitsunobu etherification. The absolute configuration of (+)- and (−)-chicanine has been revised to 2R,3S,4R,5R and 2S,3R,4S,5S, respectively, through CD analysis.     

Total synthesis of (+)- and (-)-sundiversifolide via intramolecular acylation and determination of the absolute configuration

Intramolecular acylation of an organolithium leads to an efficient stereocontrolled total synthesis of both enantiomers of sundiversifolide. The absolute configuration was determined by HPLC analysis and allelopathy assay. The gamma-lactone moiety resulted from a butenolide was obtained by the condensation of a bicyclic alpha-hydroxyhemiacetal with Ph3P=CMe(CO2R).     

Asymmetric synthesis of tricyclic tetralin derivatives via an intramolecular photoreaction

An intramolecular photoreaction for the synthesis of tricyclic tetralin derivatives through a Norrish/Yang type cyclization is described. Asymmetric studies on this reaction using ionic chiral auxiliaries gave enantiomeric excesses of up to 99% at conversions of 80%, and the reaction mechanism was mapped out by a single crystal-to-single crystal reaction.     

The diastereoselective synthesis of functionalised spirocyclic lactams and lactones using a Cope elimination/intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition strategy

Functionalised hydroxylamine derivatives of (S)-proline and pipecolic acid have been prepared using a Cope elimination. These hydroxylamines have been found to undergo oxidation to the nitrone either in the presence of air or a catalytic quantity of TPAP. An intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition then occurs between the nitrone and pendant double bond to give tricyclic lactams and lactones with high diastereoselectivity.     

Asymmetric polymerization via cycloaddition reactions

The reaction of N‐phthaloyl‐L ‐leucine acid chloride (1) with isoeugenol (2) was carried out in chloroform, and novel optically active isoeugenol ester derivative 3 as a chiral monomer was obtained in high yield. Compound 3 was characterized by ¹H‐NMR, IR, and mass and elemental analysis and then was used for the preparation of model compound 5 and polymerization reactions. 4‐Phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione, PhTD (4), was allowed to react with compound 3. The reaction is very fast and gives only one diastereomer of 5 via Diels–Alder and ene pathways in quantitative yield. In order to explain this diastereoselectivity, a nonconcerted two‐step mechanism involving benzylic cation (BC) and aziridinium (AI) have been proposed for the Diels–Alder and ene reactions, respectively. The polymerization reactions of novel monomer 3 with bis(triazolinedione)s [bis(p‐3,5‐dioxo‐1,2,4‐triazolin‐4‐ylphenyl)methane (8) and 1,6‐bis(3,5‐dioxo‐1,2,4‐triazolin‐4‐yl)hexane] (9)] were performed in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at room temperature. The reactions are exothermic, fast, and gave novel optically active polymers 10 and 11 via repetitive Diels–Alder–ene polyaddition reactions. These polymers have inherent viscosities in a range about 0.18–0.22 dL/g. Some physical properties and structural characterizations of these new polymers have been studied and are reported. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1211–1219, 1999