三尖杉属植物中生物碱的研究--Ⅱ.三尖杉(Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.f.)中的四种微量生物碱的分离和鉴定及福建三尖杉碱的化学结构

本文报导了三尖杉中分离得到的四种微量生物碱的理化性质.三尖杉碱-9(Ⅰ)、三尖杉碱-3(Ⅱ)分别鉴定为已知生物碱,11-羟基三尖杉碱和表-台湾三尖杉碱.三尖杉碱-15为一种新生物碱,命名为福建三尖杉碱(cephalofortuneine),经光谱分析(红外、紫外、核磁共振和质谱)推测其化学结构为Ⅳ.三尖杉碱-2的结构未定.     

以手性1-氮杂螺[4.4]壬烷骨架为中间体合成(-)-Cephalotaxine的研究进展

高三尖杉酯碱因具有较好的抗癌和抗肿瘤活性而受到广泛重视，2012年，美国FDA正式批准其用于临床治疗慢性粒白血病适应症。三尖杉碱为高三尖杉酯碱的母核结构，具有5个环系以及3个相邻的手性中心。三尖杉碱分子结构的特殊性以及高三尖杉酯碱良好的药理活性，促使众多研究小组对其展开了不对称合成研究。本文综述了以手性1-氮杂螺[4.4]壬烷骨架为中间体，合成(−)-Cephalotaxine的研究进展。      

海南粗榧抗肿瘤有效成分的研究

自海南粗榧树皮中共分离出11种生物碱,其中9种生物碱经鉴定分别为脱氧三尖杉酯碱(Ⅰ)、异三尖杉酯碱(Ⅱ)、三尖杉酯碱(Ⅲ)、高三尖杉酯碱(Ⅳ)、三尖杉碱(Ⅴ)、桥氧三尖杉碱(Ⅵ)、脱甲基三尖杉酮碱(Ⅶ)、3-表西哈灭里辛碱(Ⅷ)、表三尖杉碱(Ⅺ),碱Ⅸ为一种新生物碱,碱Ⅹ的结构尚待进一步研究.动物试验结果表明碱Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ能延长白血病小鼠 L_(615)的生命,碱Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ和Ⅹ则无明显活性.碱Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ已经临床试用,初步观察到碱Ⅲ对急性和慢性粒细胞白血病有一定疗效.碱Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ的疗效正在观察中.     

脱氧三尖杉酯碱及其类似物的研究

由三尖杉属植物中分离得到的脱氧三尖杉酯碱(Ⅰ)生物碱具有显著的抑制肿瘤P-388的作用。本文报导由α-酮酸(Ⅳ)与三尖杉碱(Ⅴ)经Reformatsky反应缩合而成脱氧三尖杉酯碱(Ⅰ)。用同样方法制得脱氧三尖杉酯碱(Ⅰ)的类似化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ。     

三种三尖杉酯类生物碱差向异构体的薄层色谱

薄层色谱可以方便地用于脱氧三尖杉酯碱(1)及其差向异构体表脱氧三尖杉酯碱(1＇),高脱氧三尖杉酯碱(2)及表高脱氧三尖杉酯碱(2＇),三尖杉酯碱(3)及表三尖杉酯碱(3＇)各对差向异构体的分离和分析鉴定。黄文魁等及黄量等曾使用1％羧甲基纤维素钠硅胶薄层分离1与1＇,3与3＇。章观德等提出用1％盐酸配制酸性薄层分离3与3＇的盐酸盐,但由     

超声波下2″，3″-二溴化三尖杉宁碱的高效还原研究

2″，3″-二溴化三尖杉宁碱(DIBROCs)是紫杉醇纯化过程中溴与三尖杉宁碱加成反应产生的副产物，其结构如下：     

天然三尖杉碱((-)-Cephalotaxine)的不对称全合成研究

三尖杉碱[(-)-Cephalotaxine]是抗肿瘤天然药物高三尖杉酯碱(Homoharringtonine,HHT)的母核结构,近年来有关结构独特的天然三尖杉碱不对称全合成研究工作不断涌现.综述了1994年以来天然三尖杉碱的不对称全合成研究策略和方法,特别是近几年来的新进展.     

异三尖杉酯碱及其类似物立体异构体的薄层制备

薄层色谱可有效地用于异三尖杉酯碱(IH-3)与其立体异构体(IH-1,2,4),高异三尖杉酯碱(HIH-C)与其立体异构体(HIH-A,B,D)的分离制备、各立体异构体已鉴定。另外对三种不含三尖杉碱母核的异三尖杉酯碱类似物——异三尖杉酯碱侧链酸甲酯(ISM)、异三尖杉酯碱侧链酸乙酯(ISE)、异三尖杉酯碱侧链酸苄酯(ISB)的苏式(threo)、赤式(erythro)异构体也进行了薄层分离并予以鉴定。通过制备薄层分得的ISM(t)、ISM(e),其HNMR分别与文献报导相同。另外将分离得到的ISE(t)、ISE(e)中的     

异三尖杉酯碱类似物-酒石酸甲酯三尖杉碱酯的合成

异三尖杉酯碱系三尖杉属植物中所含具有抗肿瘤活性的四种生物碱之一,其本身的合成已有三种不同的方法^[1-3]先后获得成功。但是,在这些合成中,生成的异三尖杉酯碱都是立体异构体的混合物。据报导^[4.5]异三尖杉酯碱及其某些类似物对癌细胞具有明显的抑制作用。为了考察这类化合物的结构与抗癌活性之间的关系,并为异三尖杉酯碱立体异构体构型的确定提供依据,我们进行了(2R,3R)-酒石酸甲酯三尖杉碱酯Ⅵ和(2S,3S)-酒石酸甲酯三尖杉碱酯Ⅶ的合成。     

高脱氧三尖杉酯碱的合成及其差向异构体的分离鉴定

由2′-氧-6′-甲基-庚酰基-三尖杉碱(简称α-酮酰基三尖杉碱)(4)与α-溴代乙酸甲酯进行Reformatsky反应,得到一种新的三尖杉酯类生物碱——高脱氧三尖杉酯碱(5)及其差向异构体表高脱氧三尖杉酯碱(6)的混合物,产率67％.两者通过苦味酸盐分级结晶得纯品,它们的结构由IR、~1H NMR和MS推定.同法,由外消旋α-酮酰基三尖杉碱(±4)制得外消旋高脱氧三尖杉酯碱(±5)及外消旋表高脱氧三尖杉酯碱(±6),它们的IR、~1H NMR和MS分别与5和6一致.同时,还得到了少量副产物3-氧-(甲氧羰甲基)-三尖杉碱(7)及其外消旋体±7,它们的结构也由IR、~1H NMR和MS证明.     

Synthesis of tetracycline analogs and their bone affinities

Tetracycline analogs were designed and synthesized and their bone affinities were tested on hydroxyapatite. The results showed that the carbonyl-amide-enol structure in A ring and phenol-ketone structure in BCD ring may be responsible for tetracycline＇s high bone affinity and either A ring or BCD ring has a planar conformation is essential. 2007 Ling Ling Weng. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.     

Fabrication and placement of a ring structure of nanoparticles by a laser-induced micronanobubble on a gold surface

We have developed a new fabrication method for a ring structure of assembled nanoparticles on a gold surface by the use of continuous Nd:YAG laser light. A micronanobubble on a gold surface, created by laser local heating, acts as a template for the formation of the ring structure. Both Marangoni convection flow and capillary flow around the micronanobubble are responsible for the driving force to assemble nanoparticles such as CdSe Q-dots into the ring structure from the solution. Because a single micronanobubble was generated by the Nd:YAG laser focusing point, the precise positioning of the ring structure was feasible directly on the gold surface, which makes it possible to fabricate various patterns of rings such as arrays and letters and even a double-ring structure without any photomasks or any templates.     

Controlling coffee ring structure on hydrophobic polymer surface by manipulating wettability with O2 plasma

A simple and novel method is firstly reported for controlling coffee ring structure on polystyrene (PS) film surface by O₂ plasma. O₂ plasma treatment leads to the wettability change of PS surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. For hydrophilic PS surface the coffee ring structure is avoided relying on the motion of contact line (CL) while SiO₂ microspheres are left. The motion of the CL is produced based on the viscosity and Marangoni effect with the addition of polymer additives. For hydrophobic PS surface coffee ring structure still persists even with polymer additives because SiO₂ microspheres transfer with the motion of the CL at the beginning of droplet evaporation and accumulate at the droplet edge at late stage with the pinning of the CL. As a result, uniform and macroscale SiO₂ microspheres deposition without coffee ring structure and SiO₂ microspheres deposition with coffee ring structure are controlled by O₂ plasma. This method provides a new way to tune coffee ring structure with smart surface and may be potentially useful for a range of application at material deposition and diagnosing diseases.     

一种通过剪断最短桥确定复杂桥环化合物主环的方法介绍

确定主环是命名复杂桥环化合物的难点所在。我们介绍一种"剪断最短桥,显露最大环"的方法,可以帮助学生快速准确地确定最大环的位置,从而对复杂桥环化合物命名。     

Remarkable synthesis and structure of allene type zerumbone

The ring expansion of zerumbone to a 12-membered ring was studied via a ring opening system or a ring closure system of zerumbone. We succeeded in the synthesis of a zerumbone derivative with 12-membered ring, an allene type zerumbone. For the first time, a Doering-LaFlamme allene synthesis method was adopted and the structure was confirmed by monocrystal X-ray diffraction. It was obtained in total 27.7% yield from zerumbone. We believe that this compound is not only an important building block in synthesizing the BC ring of paclitaxel, but also plays an important role in a novel structure formation and a reactive discovery.     

Radical cation formation and crystal structure determination of 4′-dimethylamino-10-phenylpyrido[3,2-b]benzothiazine

The crystal structure of title compound, 4 , shows that the 10-aryl group is parallel to the plane bisecting the pyridobenzothiazine ring. This structure is in contrast to that normally found for phenothiazines substituted with electron-withdrawing substituents on the 10-phenyl ring. In those compounds, the 10-aryl group is perpendicular to the plane bisecting the phenothiazine ring. The esr spectrum of the cation radical of 4 shows that the radical is located on the hetero ring system which is opposite to that of the cation radical of 4′-dimethylamino-10-phenylphenothiazine in which the radical is located on the 10-aryl ring.     

A study of the ring size in the copolymer of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride by H-NMR spectroscopy

The well-known alternating 1:2 cyclocopolymer of divinyl ether (DVE) and maleic anhydride (MA) possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antitumor. Recent research on the structure of a variety of cyclopolymers has raised a question about the ring size of this cyclocopolymer. In this article we report on an extensive spectroscopic study of its structure. By use of deuterated monomers the H-NMR peaks at δ 2.31, 3.47, 4.06, and 4.49 ppm with an area ratio of 2:1:1:1 were assigned to the hydrogens of methylenes, methines on the backbone anhydride unit, methines on the ring anhydride unit, and methines adjacent to oxygen on the cyclic ether ring, respectively. By examination of the possible isomeric structures of the bicyclic ring, the splitting of each peak group was further assigned for cis and trans disubstitutions on the anhydride unit. The splitting pattern from the 300-MHz NMR spectrum of the DVE-2,3-dideuteriomaleic anhydride (DMA) copolymer confirmed the unsymmetrical ring structure. ¹³C-NMR spectra were consistent with the conclusion from the H-NMR spectra. A chair-form, six-membered ring with predominantly trans geometry in the anhydride ring was assigned to the structure of DVE–MA copolymer. On the basis of little or no change in the ¹³C-NMR spectra of the copolymers prepared at different temperatures it was concluded that there was no significant change in structure with temperature. This led to the assignment of the energetically favored, six-membered ring structure to the copolymer prepared under these conditions. A mechanism for cyclocopolymerization, based on the HOMO–LUMO interaction of the comonomers and the intramolecular radical addition on the preoriented double bond, was proposed. This mechanism leads to the formation of the six-membered ring structure of the copolymer as the only product. A ¹³C-NMR study of the structure of the copolymer prepared in chloroform by Kunitake and Tsukino is being published as a companion article.     

The structure of water near platinum and its significance in water-adsorbent system: molecular dynamics study

Water structure around hydrophilic adsorbents is expected to differ from normal water structure. In some cases, a change of water structure seems to significantly affect phenomena involved in water-adsorbent systems. To investigate this, we have performed molecular dynamic simulations of three systems, water between (111) surfaces of Pt, water between (100) surfaces of Pt, and pure water at 298 K. For the analysis of water structure, we concentrated on the five-membered ring (R5) structure and six-membered ring (R6) structure, which are the most probable in nature. For both (111) and (100) of Pt, the ratio of hexameric ring/pentameric ring (R6/R5) in semibound regions was higher than that of bulk water, as expected. The function of adsorbent ceramics was explained in terms of the change of water structure when they are used as biomaterials, support materials, etc. The obscure mechanisms for the effects of medicine stones, antioxidants, etc., were also discussed from this point of view.     

The influence of structure and conformation on electronic interactions of 4′-nitro-10-phenylphenothiazine

The crystal structure of 4′-nitro-10-phenylphenothiazine, 1 , has been determined by the single crystal x-ray diffraction studies and consists of two independent molecules in the asymmetric cell unit with a pseudo-center of symmetry. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic System with the space group P2₁/c. The central ring of the phenothiazine ring system is in a boat conformation and the 4′-nitro substituent is in a boat-axial conformation with respect to the central ring of phenothiazine. Compound 1 is the first reported 10-aryl phenothiazine in which the 10-phenyl ring is perpendicular to the plane bisecting the dihedral angle of the phenothiazine nucleus. This geometry allows for resonance interaction between the lone pair of electrons on N₁₀ and the 4′-nitro-10-phenyl ring which influences both the spectral properties and structure of the phenothiazine tricyclic ring. The correlation between the x-ray structure and ¹³C nmr spectral properties of 1 is discussed. The uv/vis and esr studies of the radical cation of 1 indicate that the 10-aryl ring is twisted with respect to the phenothiazine ring.     

Promotion of the photoacid generation performance of sulfonium salts by inhibiting the isomerization of conjugated systems using a cyclization strategy

This work describes an original structure−reactivity relationship within a series of sulfonium salts synthesized using a cyclization strategy. The new sulfonium salt comprises a stilbene subunit decorated with a combination of cyclized structure, that is, carbocyclic ring, furan ring, and thiophene ring, to inhibit the isomerization of double bond systems. The photoacid generation efficiency of such cyclized stilbene derivative sulfonium salts is mainly modulated by the five-membered ring structures and the substituent as confirmed by photodegradation, in situ nuclear magnetic resonance, and cyclic voltammetry. Such cyclization drastically regulates the population of highly reactive excited singlet species and thus enhances the photoacid generation performance of the sulfonium salts by more than one order of magnitude within the series, especially when introducing oxygen to form the benzofuran ring structure. Given this amplified photoreactivity, the application potential of the photoinitiated cationic polymerization of the sulfonium salts was evaluated at different irradiation wavelengths.