Nucleon and deuteron induced spallation reactions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Liège, Physics Department, B5, B-4000 Sart-Tilman Liège 1, Belgium;2. CEA DAPNIA/SPhN, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France;1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;2. Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, B.P. 55027, 14076 Caen, France;1. UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX143 DB, UK;2. OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France;3. Culham Electromagnetics Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX143 DB, UK;4. Institut de Recherche sur les lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;5. Den-Service d’étude des réacteurs et de mathématiques appliquées (SERMA), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;1. P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninskii Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia;2. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;3. Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya St. 100, Skolkovo, Odintsovsky District, 143025 Moscow Region, Russia;1. Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People''s Republic of China;2. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;3. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;4. School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People''s Republic of China;5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People''s Republic of China;1. Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;2. RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;3. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan;4. The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The intranuclear cascade (INC)+evaporation model is used to display the gross features of proton, neutron and deuteron induced spallation reactions between 200 MeV and 2 GeV incident energy per nucleon. Particular attention is focused on average particle multiplicities and their dependencies upon target mass number and incident energy. Simple formulae are derived to allow an easy use of these results. They are expected to provide a rapid survey of the gross features of spallation reactions. The decomposition of particle multiplicities and of cross-sections into cascade and evaporation components is performed and discussed. The impact parameter dependence is investigated. The excitation energy left in the target at the end of the cascade step is also studied, as well as the gross properties of the subsequent evolution of the target remnant. It is shown that neutron differential cross-sections can be split into components with reasonably identified physical origin, which exhibit simple power laws as functions of the target mass number. |
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