机动车排放模型的应用及其适用性比较

运用模型估算城市机动车排放因子及排放总量,是机动车污染控制研究的一个重要方向。目前,在模型使用方面,国内主要借用MOBILE等国外较为成熟的模型,这在我国排放因子计算方面缺乏数据积累、基础研究薄弱情况下不失为一种选择。然而,这些模型一般根据不同的需要开发,在数据积累等方面具有较强的地域性,难免会与国内实际情况不符。国内现有研究更多集中于对利用模型得到的排放因子进行分析,对模型适用性的研究鲜有涉及。本文从MOBILE、IVE、EMFAC、CMEM、COPERT模型在国内应用的实际情况出发,从模型类型,地域性,数据库的完整性、模型的可移植性和参数可获性这几个方面,比较了这几个有代表性的机动车排放模型在国内的适用程度,指出了在不同地区情况和不同阶段,模型不同的适用范围。

Application of Vehicular Emission Models and Comparison of Their Adaptability

Estimating urban vehicular emission factors and vehicular emissions amount with a model is an important research field of vehicular emissions control. At present, most applications in China are geared up for those well-developed "western" models such as MOBILE, which can be an alternative when lacking adequate emission data accumulation and relative research. Developed for different research goals, however, these models will inevitably face the incompatibility of local activities in China. Most researches focused on the calculation result of emission factors, while paying very little attention on the applicability of these models in China. On the base of domestic applications analysis, this paper compares these models' adaptability from aspects of model type, regional limitation, database integrality, parameter availability, and model flexibility. And finally, suggestion is given on how to choose model according to different situation.