Effects of nano-carbon doping and sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of MgB2

We fabricated nano-carbon (NC) doped MgB₂ bulks using an in situ process in order to improve the critical current density (J_c) under a high magnetic field and evaluated the correlated effects of the doped carbon content and sintering temperature on the phase formation, microstructure and critical properties. MgB_2−xC_x bulks with x = 0 and 0.05 were fabricated by pressing the powder into pellets and sintering at 800 °C, 900 °C, or 1000 °C for 30 min.We observed that NC was an effective dopant for MgB₂ and that part of it was incorporated into the MgB₂ while the other part remained (undoped), which reduced the grain size. The actual C content was estimated to be 68–90% of the nominal content. The NC doped samples exhibited lower T_c values and better J_c(B) behavior than the undoped samples. The doped sample sintered at 900 °C showed the highest J_c value due to its high doping level, small amount of second phase, and fine grains. On the other hand, the J_c was decreased at a sintering temperature of 1000 °C as a result of the formation of MgB₄ phase.