Synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic, DSS cell, lifetime measurement, electrochemical, catecholase activity, and antimicrobial studies of mono and hetero binuclear cryptates

Mono and hetero binuclear cryptates, GdML(DMF)] M = VO(IV), Co(II), Cu(II)], were synthesized. The ligand L represents the deprotonated anionic cryptate obtained by the 2+3 condensation of tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine with 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol. The crystal structure of GdL(NO₃)](NO₃)₂·H₂O was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The magnetic susceptibility of the complexes was measured by SQUID. The Gd(III)Cu(II) cryptate has ferromagnetic interaction and Gd(III)VO(IV)] cryptate has weaker intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction. Fluorescence intensity and excited state lifetime of the cryptates increase in the following order: GdCoL] < GdVOL] < GdL] < GdCuL]. The efficiency (η) of cryptate based dye-sensitized solar cell increases in the following order: GdL] < GdVOL] < GdCoL] < GdCuL]. The reduction potential values of Gd(M)L] M = VO(IV), Co(II), Cu(II) complexes are in the following order: Cu(II) > Co(II) > VO(IV). The catecholase activity of binuclear GdML] complexes are relatively high compared with the mononuclear Gd(III)L] complex in the following order: GdL] < GdVOL] < GdCoL] < GdCuL]. The antimicrobial activity of the binuclear complex Gd(III)Cu(II) is relatively higher than the mononuclear and other binuclear complexes.