微波对水稻的诱变效果及应用于育种的可行性研究

作物新品种的选育是农业生产的主要研究课题之一.作为育种的一种方法—辐射育种,特别是高能辐射育种的研究在我国至今已有30多年的历史,据统计已在22种植物上育成243个突变品种,如棉花“鲁棉一号”,水稻“原丰果”,大豆“铁丰18”.诱变获得大量有利用价值的早熟、矮杆、抗病、抗逆,优质及其他特异突变体.因此高能辐射育种走过了一段从开创、曲折到稳步发展的三个阶段.但是由于高能辐射的控制和防护受到一定条件的限制,加上仍属于一种随机的不可重复过程,故作者想寻找一种遗传变异大,突变后代可利用性高和处理方法简便的诱变育种方法.近几年来随着大功率微波技术的发展,有可能对它的生产、工程系统和控制、防护进行广泛的研究与应用.本文就是作者用大功率微波做的一种育种试验.

Research on feasibility of Using Microwave in the inducement of mutation of the paddy and its application to breeding

Microwave system , usually metric and centimeter wave ,belongs to high range of electromagnetic wave pattern for low frequencyband ,the quantum energy is between 10~5to 10~6ev. The action mechanism of crops is rendered to be the coordinated effects of the field force .which is a special stubborn factor for electromagnetics order ,and transform energy .they are a kind of disturbance and destroy which is fulfilled through slectron and hydrogen bond for ordered and complexed life activity .Microwave radiation presses the bond electron and hydrogen bond proton to shake forward and beckward and causes polarity movement of the DNA, RNA, protein and H2O. The result can give rise to ionigation , brseaking of hydrogen bond and rebuilding . However , the heating of transform energy is csused by ion conduction and polarigation relaxation . The mechanism of variation is colsed to rebuilding for heat separation.Of recent years in order to explore and seek the best breeding method the author has continually carried out microwave experiments of paddy for three srasons of a year in South China .carefully analysing and observing activity of enzyme , chromosome structure and guantity properies of crops . Significent variation index has been obtained both in physiological and cell membrane heredity coefficients.As stated above ,it is proved that .as a breeding method .microwave is feasible.