A study on the influence of dysprosium cation substitution on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of lithium manganese oxide

The synthesis of series of dysprosium-doped lithium manganese oxide in the general formula LiDy _x Mn_2?x O4 (x?=?0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) using double stage coprecipitation method followed by microwave heat treatment is reported. The characterization results of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy have illustrated the cubic structure for all the compounds. The lattice parameter has been observed to decrease with dysprosium doping. The influence of doping in elastic property of the samples has been studied with infrared spectroscopy. The grain size of the LiDy_0.05Mn_1.95O₄ has been observed to be less than 1???m. The Image J software has been used to further analyze the micrographs. The initial capacity of the samples are observed to decrease with Dy³⁺ doping, but the capacity retention after 50 cycles for Dy 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 samples are reported as 95.4%, 93.2%, 91.3%, and 87.7%, respectively. The electrochemical impedance spectra has been performed to analyze the effectiveness of Dy³⁺ ion doping and the act of Dy doping has been observed to reduce the charge transfer resistance and increase the Li ion diffusion coefficient.