Propulsion velocity of a flapping wing at low Reynolds number |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;2. Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;3. ANSTO Institute for Environmental Research, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia;4. Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, PR China;5. Department of Environmental Health, Korea University, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea;6. Dept. of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Aerodynamics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Yudao Street 29, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China;2. School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia;3. Aerodynamics Development Department, AVIC Aerodynamics Research Institute Yangshan Street 1, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China;1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China;2. School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi''an, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents a computational fluid–structure interaction analysis for free movements with a flapping wing in a quiescent fluid. We demonstrated the moving velocity of a flapping wing according to the phase difference between the angle of attack and the positional angle in the case of a fruit fly with a Reynolds number of 136. If we considered the moving velocity of the flapping wing, the physics were different from that of hovering flight of previous studies, which did not consider the propulsive velocity and presented the advanced rotation of the angle of attack as the best mechanism for propulsion force, as compared to symmetric rotation and delayed rotation. We found that symmetric rotation produced a better propulsion velocity with less fluctuation in other direction than the advanced rotation. The hairpin vortex generated at the end of a stroke did not clearly contribute to the enhancement of propulsion; the wake capture is considered to be one of the main enhancements of the advanced rotation in a previous studies. We studied the effects of the angle of attack to determine why the fruit fly uses a large angle of attack during a constant angle of attack period. Larger angles of attack produced greater propulsion velocities. Further, larger angles of attack did not generate greater peak force during the rotation of the angle of attack at the reversal of stroke, but they produced less fluctuation at the reversal of the stroke and greater force during the constant angle of attack period. |
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| Keywords: | Fruit fly Propulsion velocity Flapping wing Fluid structure interaction Lattice Boltzmann Immersed boundary |
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