Stoichiometric measurements in nickel–hypophosphite baths for electroless deposition |
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| Authors: | Nima K Dirjal Kenneth A Holbrook Peter B Wells |
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| Institution: | School of Chemistry, University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX, UK |
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| Abstract: | Titrimetric methods and 31P NMR spectrometry have been compared for the determination of hypophosphite (H2PO−2) and phosphite (HPO·-3) in both alkaline and acid solutions used in the electroless deposition of nickel-phosphorus alloys. It has been shown that reproducible and reliable redox titrimetric methods can be used to follow the charges in concentration of both species with time during the plating process. In addition, measurements of the phosphorus in the nickel deposit by conversion to phosphate in acidic solution and use of flow-injection analysis has enabled satisfactory phosphorus mass-balance in the system to be achieved. |
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| Keywords: | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry Flow injection Nickel Hypophosphite complex with nickel Titrimetry |
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