Three-dimensional crystal alignment using a time-dependent elliptic magnetic field

A theoretical study has been presented to show that it is possible to align three different diamagnetic susceptibility axes (chi(3) < chi(2) < chi(1) < 0) of a crystallite with respect to the laboratory coordinate system (x, y, z). The time-dependent magnetic field that periodically changes in direction and intensity on the xy plane in an elliptic manner (the intensity stronger in the x direction) at a rate quicker than the intrinsic rate of magnetic response causes the three-dimensional alignment, that is, chi(1) parallel x, chi(2) parallel y, and chi(3) parallel z. The fluctuation of the three susceptibility axes around the corresponding laboratory coordinates is estimated in terms of the fluctuation around the minimum of the time-averaged magnetic potential. This technique enables the three-dimensional alignment of the crystallographic axes.