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Eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators with potential asymptotically homogeneous of degree $ -2$
Authors:Andrew Hassell  Simon Marshall
Institution:Department of Mathematics, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia ; Department of Mathematics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
Abstract:We strengthen and generalise a result of Kirsch and Simon on the behaviour of the function $ N_L(E)$, the number of bound states of the operator $ L = \Delta+V$ in $ \mathbb{R}^d$ below $ -E$. Here $ V$ is a bounded potential behaving asymptotically like $ P(\omega)r^{-2}$ where $ P$ is a function on the sphere. It is well known that the eigenvalues of such an operator are all nonpositive, and accumulate only at 0. If the operator $ \Delta_{S^{d-1}}+P$ on the sphere $ S^{d-1}$ has negative eigenvalues $ -\mu_1,\ldots,-\mu_n$ less than $ -(d-2)^2/4$, we prove that $ N_L(E)$ may be estimated as

$\displaystyle N_L(E) = \frac{\log(E^{-1})}{2\pi}\sum_{i=1}^n \sqrt{\mu_i-(d-2)^2/4} +O(1).$

Thus, in particular, if there are no such negative eigenvalues, then $ L$ has a finite discrete spectrum. Moreover, under some additional assumptions including the fact that $ d=3$ and that there is exactly one eigenvalue $ -\mu_1$ less than $ -1/4$, with all others $ > -1/4$, we show that the negative spectrum is asymptotic to a geometric progression with ratio $ \exp(-2\pi/\sqrt{\mu_1 - \frac{1}{4}})$.

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