Characterisation of historic plastics using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and pulsed imaging |
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Authors: | Pastorelli Gianluca Trafela Tanja Taday Phillip F Portieri Alessia Lowe David Fukunaga Kaori Strli? Matija |
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Institution: | (1) Centre for Sustainable Heritage, Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London, WC1H 0NN, UK;(2) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Askerceva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;(3) TeraView Ltd, St John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, UK;(4) Applied Electromagnetic Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei 184-8795, Japan; |
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Abstract: | Terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and 3D THz pulsed imaging have been explored with regard to polymer materials, both
commodity and historic polymers. A systematic spectroscopic study of a wide range of different polymer materials showed significant
differences in their spectra. Polyolefins and polystyrenes generally exhibit lower absorption than other examined polymers,
various cellulose derivates, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate), polyamide, hard rubber and phenol formaldehyde
resin, the last of these exhibiting the most intense absorption over the entire range, 0.15–4.2 THz. It was also examined
how the presence of plasticisers in poly(vinyl chloride), the presence of fillers in polypropylene, and the degree of branching
in polyethylene and polystyrene affect the spectra; inorganic fillers in polypropylene affected the absorption most. With
3D THz pulsed imaging, features in polymer objects were explored, appearing either as integral parts of the material (coatings
and pores in foams) or as a consequence of physical deterioration (cracks, delamination). All of these features of various
complexities can be successfully imaged in 3D. Terahertz technology is thus shown to have significant potential for both chemical
and structural characterisation of polymers, which will be of interest to heritage science, but also to the polymer industry
and development of analytical technologies in general. |
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