Investigation on global positioning system signal scattering and propagation over the rough sea surface

This paper is devoted to the study of polarizationproperties, scattering properties and propagation properties ofglobal positioning system (GPS) scattering signal over the rough seasurface. To investigate the polarization and the scatteringproperties, the scattering field and the bistatic scatteringcoefficient of modified Kirchhoff approximation with using thetapered incident wave is derived in detail. In modeling thepropagation properties of the GPS scattering signal in theevaporation duct, the initial field of parabolic equationtraditionally computed by the antenna pattern with using fastFourier transform (FFT) is replaced by the GPS scattering field. Andthe propagation properties of GPS scattering signal in theevaporation duct with different evaporation duct heights andelevation angles of GPS are discussed by the improved discrete mixedFourier transform with taking into account the sea surfaceroughness.