Performance of a Bismuth Bulk Rotating Disk Electrode for Heavy Metal Analysis: Determination of Lead in Environmental Samples |
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| Authors: | María de?la?Gala?Morales Mª Rosario Palomo Marín Lorenzo Calvo?Blázquez Eduardo Pinilla Gil |
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| Institution: | Departament of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Av. de Elvas, s/n 06006 Badajoz, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The bismuth bulk electrode is proposed here for the first time in the rotating configuration (BiB‐RDE) as the electrode of choice for voltammetric analysis of selected heavy metal ions. Optimization of chemical and instrumental parameters was carried out to develop a reliable and convenient method for the determination of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) by SWASV. Appropriate detection limits were found for environmental monitoring applications in the medium – low µg/L range. The method was validated for Pb(II) determination by certified reference materials. Successful application to the determination of Pb(II) in samples of fortified rainwater and sewage sludge from a steel industry is described. |
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| Keywords: | Bismuth disk electrode Heavy metals Lead Environmental samples |
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