A note on 3-Steiner intervals and betweenness |
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Authors: | Manoj Changat Anandavally K Lakshmikuttyamma Joseph Mathews Iztok Peterin G Narasimha-Shenoi Prasanth Aleksandra Tepeh |
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Institution: | aDepartment of Futures Studies, University of Kerala, Trivandrum-695034, India;bInstitute of Mathematics, Physics, and Mechanics, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;cUniversity of Maribor, FEECS, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;dDepartment of Mathematics, Government College, Chittur, Palakkad-678 104, India |
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Abstract: | The geodesic and geodesic interval, namely the set of all vertices lying on geodesics between a pair of vertices in a connected graph, is a part of folklore in metric graph theory. It is also known that Steiner trees of a (multi) set with k (k>2) vertices, generalize geodesics. In Brešar et al. (2009) 1], the authors studied the k-Steiner intervals S(u1,u2,…,uk) on connected graphs (k≥3) as the k-ary generalization of the geodesic intervals. The analogous betweenness axiom (b2) and the monotone axiom (m) were generalized from binary to k-ary functions as follows. For any u1,…,uk,x,x1,…,xk∈V(G) which are not necessarily distinct, ![View the MathML source View the MathML source](http://binary-services.sciencedirect.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0012365X11003633-si11.gif) The authors conjectured in Brešar et al. (2009) 1] that the 3-Steiner interval on a connected graph G satisfies the betweenness axiom (b2) if and only if each block of G is geodetic of diameter at most 2. In this paper we settle this conjecture. For this we show that there exists an isometric cycle of length 2k+1, k>2, in every geodetic block of diameter at least 3. We also introduce another axiom (b2(2)), which is meaningful only to 3-Steiner intervals and show that this axiom is equivalent to the monotone axiom. |
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Keywords: | Steiner interval Betweenness Geodetic graph |
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