An electron-retardation device to improve the resolution of a turner-type UV photoelectron spectrometer

A simple pre-retardation device without intermediate images that may be used to increase the resolution of Turner-type UV photoelectron spectrometers has been analyzed by means of electron trajectory calculations. A set of qualitative rules based on the calculations as well as performance tests of the actual device are presented. High-resolution spectra of naphthalene and anthracene are presented as an illustration and compared in detail with recent model calculations of Franck—Condon profiles by Ohno 9].