Dispersed multiphase flow with air-driven runback of a liquid layer at a moving boundary

Multiphase flow with impinging droplets on an icing surface with a flowing supercooled surface layer is investigated. The air-assisted flowing layer is modelled with the cross-phase shear stresses imparted at the moving liquid/air interface. Runback and runoff of the surface layer are predicted by mass flow across the boundaries between adjacent elements in the numerical formulation. This liquid runoff is determined by coupled heat and momentum balances for the unfrozen water layer. The numerical analysis is developed with a control-volume-based finite element method (CVFEM). An Eulerian formulation with volume averaging is developed to accommodate the near-wall elements containing both dispersed and continuous phases. The predicted results are successfully validated through comparisons with analytical solutions and measured data.