Effects of Spacer Chain Length and Additives on Solution Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactant |
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Authors: | Lifei Chen Yang Li Huaqing Xie |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering , Shanghai Second Polytechnic University , Shanghai, China chenlifei@126.com or Ifchen@eed.sspu.cn;3. Department of Environmental Engineering , Shanghai Second Polytechnic University , Shanghai, China |
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Abstract: | The critical micelle concentration (CMC) has been determined for the gemini surfactant trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium bromide)12-s-12,2Br?1 by means of electricity conductivity measurements. For the same number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain per hydrophilic head group, geminis have CMC values well below those of conventional single-chain cationic surfactants. The CMC of 12-3-12 reduces with the addition of n-alcohol except ethanol and with the increase of n-alcohol chain length as well as increase of concentration of n-butanol and sodium chloride. Steady-state fluorescence quenching technology has been employed to study the aggregation number of micelle, which increases with increase in the length of n-alcohol. The Kraft temperature measurements also indicate that the stability of solid surfactant hydrate decreases along with the improvement of concentration of n-butanol and sodium chloride. |
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Keywords: | Additives aggregation number of micelle critical micelle concentration gemini surfactant Kraft temperature |
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