Polysaccharides derived from natural sources applied to the development of chemically modified electrodes for environmental applications: A review |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratório de Eletro-Espectro Analítica (LEEA), Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, 96203-900, RS, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento de Compósitos e Materiais Poliméricos (LaCoPol), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/n, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil;1. Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;2. Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;3. Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;4. Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;1. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chemistry Faculty, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile;2. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Biological Sciences Faculty, Avda, Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile;1. Environmental Research Lab, PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India;2. School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Ankara University, Department of Chemistry, 06100, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey;2. Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey;3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Potentially toxic organic and inorganic compounds have been released into the environment by different sources. Due to this detrimental problem, the modern analytical chemistry has increasingly acted in the interface of knowledge in terms of developing methods which are robust, efficient, sensitive, inexpensive, and aim at meeting green chemistry principles. From an electroanalytical standpoint, the application of polysaccharides derived from natural sources in the development of chemically modified electrodes has increased in the last decades. Chitosan, cellulose and other polysaccharides have been widely used in the development of modified electrodes due to their high mechanical strength, relatively low cost, and green features. Several studies have reported in the past few years that chemically modified electrodes elaborated with these polysaccharides usually present superior analytical properties as compared to the conventional electrodes. This review describes the general aspects of these polysaccharides, extraction sources, characterization methods, derivatives and crosslinking processes as well as a comprehensive overview of their several applications in the development of new sensors applied to environmental samples. |
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| Keywords: | Environmental pollutants Environmental monitoring Chemically modified electrodes Electroanalytical Polysaccharides |
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