Reduced Dirac equation and Lamb shift as off-mass-shell effect in quantum electrodynamics |
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Authors: | Ni Guang-Jiong Xu Jian-Jun Lou Sen-Yue |
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Affiliation: | Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, OR97207, USA; Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China |
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Abstract: | Based on the accurate experimental data of energy-level differences in hydrogen-like atoms, especially the 1S--2S transitions of hydrogen and deuterium, the necessity of introducing a reduced Dirac equation with reduced mass as the substitution of original electron mass is stressed. Based on new cognition about the essence of special relativity, we provide a reasonable argument for the reduced Dirac equation to have two symmetries, the invariance under the (newly defined) space--time inversion and that under the pure space inversion, in a noninertial frame. By using the reduced Dirac equation and within the framework of quantum electrodynamics in covariant form, the Lamb shift can be evaluated (at one-loop level) as the radiative correction on a bound electron staying in an off-mass-shell state---a new approach eliminating the infrared divergence. Hence the whole calculation, though with limited accuracy, is simplified, getting rid of all divergences and free of ambiguity. |
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Keywords: | reduced Dirac equation Lamb shift off-mass-shell |
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