Problems in quantitatively analyzing individual salt aerosol particles using electron energy loss spectroscopy |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium;2. Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium;3. Arizona State University, Departments of Chemistry and Geology, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;2. Jiaxing Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaxing 314000, China;1. Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom;2. TRIPP, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India;3. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, DRI, Reno, NV, USA;4. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, India;5. Environmental Sciences Division, Central Road Research Institute, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India;1. State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;2. Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Sanjiang Road, Shanghai 200235, China;3. The 38th Insititute of China Electrics Technology Group Corporation, Anhui 230088, China;1. Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, India;1. Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;2. Department of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland;3. Aerosol and Radiation Observatory SolarAOT, Słowackiego 98, 38-100 Strzyżów, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Polydisperse standard aerosols of NaCl, (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3 have been generated from their solutions by pneumatic nebulization. These aerosol particles are electron beam sensitive and therefore special precautions are necessary. A methodology is proposed for serially recording electron energy loss spectra (EELS) from sub-micrometer salt particles. The results of quantification are compared with those obtained by parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS).Experimental conditions such as the intensity of the primary beam, time of radiation and temperature are responsible for large deviations from the theoretical values. These deviations arise because heavy mass losses occur, especially during the serial spectrum acquisition. The more time consuming serial EELS is therefore at a disadvantage relative to the parallel method.The best results are obtained for NaCl because the halogen loss can be reduced more efficiently than nitrogen and oxygen losses. The results show that nitrogen loss occurs within the first few seconds of the experiment at normal radiation doses. Even at cryogenic temperatures, losses of volatile elements cannot be avoided. |
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