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Forces on the walls and stagnation zones in a hopper filled with granular material
Institution:1. Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany;2. Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum, KFA, 52425 Jülich, Germany;3. P.M.M.H. (U.R.A., C.N.R.S. 857), E.S.P.C.I., 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;1. Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;2. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA;3. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;4. VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA;5. Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois, Chicago, USA;1. Department of ophthalmology, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France;2. Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy;1. CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France;2. Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany;1. Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Abstract:We measure the pressure and the shear forces acting on the walls of an outflowing hopper using Molecular Dynamics simulations. We find very strong fluctuations which for large opening angles follow a power spectrum but have white noise for smaller angles. We also calculate the shape of the stagnation zones that appear during funnel flow and compare it to the experimentally observed ones.
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