Critical bubbles and fluctuations at the electroweak phase transition |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, FRG;2. Theoretical Physics Division, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland;1. Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China;4. Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China;1. Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany;2. School of Physical Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;3. Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan;4. School of Physics and Center of High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;1. Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, Dubna, 141980 Russia;2. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040 Kazakhstan;3. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, 010008 Kazakhstan;1. School of Physics, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China;2. Institute of Theoretical Physics, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China |
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| Abstract: | We discuss the critical bubbles of the electroweak phase transition using an effective high-temperature 3-dimensional action for the Higgs field ?. The separate integration of gauge and Goldstone boson degrees of freedom is conveniently described in the 't Hooft-Feynman covariant background gauge. The effective dimensionless gauge coupling g3 (T) z in the broken phase is well behaved throughout the phase transition. However, the behavior of the one-loop Z(?) factors of the Higgs and gauge kinetic terms signalizes the breakdown of the derivative expansion and of the perturbative expansion for a range of small ? values increasing with the Higgs mass mH Taking a functional Sz ?] with constant Z(?) = z instead of the full non-local effective action in some neighborhood of the saddle point we are calculating the critical bubbles for several temperatures. The fluctuation determinant is calculated to high accuracy using a variant of the heat kernel method. It gives a strong suppression of the transition rate compared to previous estimates. |
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