Quality assessment in in vivo NMR spectroscopy: I. Introduction,objectives, and activities |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Cell Biology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands;3. Laboratoire de Resonance Magnétique en Biologie et Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France;4. Fachbereich Chemie/Biologie, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany;5. Beatson Oncology Centre, Glasgow, UK;1. Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;2. College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;1. Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;1. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, United States;2. Department of Criminal Justice, California State University, Long Beach, United States;3. School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Canada;1. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;2. Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;1. Key Laboratory for Neutron Physics of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Mianyang 621999, China;2. Shanghai EBIT Lab, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;3. Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Shenyang 110016, China;1. University of Bern, Switzerland;2. Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | By enabling noninvasive measurements of tissue biochemistry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a unique means of characterizing tissues. Differences in equipment, techniques, and methodology between different laboratories cause major difficulties when comparing results, whether from measurements of tissue metabolism, or from the effects of different therapies. This is of concern in critically evaluating work from different laboratories and centres, causing potential difficulties in reproducing results, limiting the establishment of MRS as a standard method of diagnosis and of characterising disease and response to therapy in the laboratory and clinic. It also poses particular problems in establishing the multicentre clinical trials of MRS that are now required to provide adequate statistical power in confirming the encouraging preliminary clinical observations. These difficulties arise principally from imperfect localization of signal from selected regions of interest in the body, and from the subsequent analyses of the MRS spectra. Improvement is possible by establishing agreed procedures for test measurements and for data analysis, and by using appropriate test objects and test substances to establish the quality of measurements. A concerted research project on characterisation of biological tissues by NMR, principally concerned with MR imaging (MRI), was activated in 1984 by the European Economic Community as part of its third Medical and Health Research Programme, under the auspices of the Biomedical Engineering Concerted Actions' Committee (COMAC-BME). In 1988, this project was prolonged for 5 years, when the programme was expanded to encompass MRS. A series of five accompanying papers describes (a) the test protocols and objects agreed for assessing the quality of volume selective MRS measurements; (b) the experimental trials performed for a multicentre evaluation of these procedures on experimental and clinical systems; and (c) the results of a joint quantitative data analysis study on in vivo NMR time-domain test signals. |
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