Asymmetric Solvents Regulated Crystallization-Limited Electrolytes for All-Climate Lithium Metal Batteries |
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Authors: | Dr Yuankun Wang Zhiming Li Dr Weiwei Xie Dr Qiu Zhang Zhenkun Hao Chunyu Zheng Jinze Hou Dr Yong Lu Dr Zhenhua Yan Prof Qing Zhao Prof Jun Chen |
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Institution: | 1. Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
These authors contributed equally to this work.;2. Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China |
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Abstract: | Electrolytes that can keep liquid state are one of the most important physical metrics to ensure the ions transfer with stable operation of rechargeable lithium-based batteries at a wide temperature window. It is generally accepted that strong polar solvents with high melting points favor the safe operation of batteries above room temperatures but are susceptible to crystallization at low temperatures (≤−40 °C). Here, a crystallization limitation strategy was proposed to handle this issue. We demonstrate that, although the high melting points of ethylene sulfite (ES, −17 °C) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC, ≈23 °C), their mixtures can avoid crystallization at low temperatures, which can be attributed to low intermolecular interactions and altered molecular motion dynamics. A suitable ES/FEC ratio (10 % FEC) can balance the bulk and interface transport of ions, enabling LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2||lithium (NCM811||Li) full cells to deliver excellent temperature resilience and cycling stability over a wide temperature range from −50 °C to +70 °C. More than 66 % of the capacity retention was achieved at −50 °C compared to room temperature. The NCM811||Li pouch cells exhibit high cycling stability under realistic conditions (electrolyte weight to cathode capacity ratio (E/C)≤3.5 g Ah−1, negative to positive electrode capacity ratio (N/P)≤1.09) at different temperatures. |
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Keywords: | All-Climate Electrolyte Asymmetric Solvents Freezing Point Lithium Metal Battery |
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