Determination of lead in sea-water with a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer and an improved automatic on-line pre-concentration system |
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| Institution: | 1. Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain;2. CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;1. Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Physical Sciences Bld. 4111, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;3. Chemical Sciences Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA |
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| Abstract: | An improved automatic on-line pre-concentration system for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for the determination of trace metals in sea-water was developed. This system was modified from a Perkin-Elmer AS-40 autosampler by mounting a silica gel C18 microcolumn near the tip of the autosampler capillary. The pre-concentration procedure was performed by using a four-way distribution valve and controlled by a programmable controller. The pre-concentration system developed previously was improved by using a peristaltic pump to replace the reciprocating pumps, a newly designed tube bed adjuster to release the back-pressure in the pre-concentration system, and a better control program, such that on-line pre-concentration became more reliable and fully automatic. The chelating agent ammonium pyrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) and a miniature column packed with 5 mg of C18 silica gel were used for pre-concentration. This system was tested by analyzing the lead content in reference standard sea-water samples. A sample volume of only 2 ml was required to determine lead in sea-water. The relative limit of detection of lead was 3.5 pg/ml. |
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