面向疾病应用的微纳米马达

微纳米马达是能将环境中的化学反应或外场(光、声、磁场、电场等)提供的能量转化为推进力,从而产生自主运动的微纳米级人造机器。由于具有集群效应、比表面积大、运动可控等多种特征,微纳米马达在环境修复、药物递送、微纳手术、抗感染、重金属清除等诸多领域受到关注。在一定条件下,微纳米马达能主动运动并聚集到病灶,将治疗或诊断药物递送到靶部位,有望在人体复杂环境中进行精细化的工作。因此,微纳米马达在疾病预防、诊断、治疗以及预后中具有巨大的发展空间。在此,本综述首先对微纳米马达进行简要介绍,包括其结构设计、驱动方式。其次,详细介绍微纳米马达在不同类型的疾病中的研究进展。最后,提出目前该技术面临的挑战与未来发展方向。

Micro/nanomotors towards Disease Applications

Micro/nanomotors are micro/nano-scale man-made machines that can convert energy provided by environmental chemical reactions or external fields (light, ultrasound, magnetic, electricity, etc.) into propulsion to produce autonomous movement. Due to their swarming effects, large specific surface area, and controllable movement, micro/nanomotors have attracted attention in many fields such as environmental repair, drug delivery, micro-nano surgery, anti-infection, and heavy metal removal. Under certain conditions, micro/nanomotors are capable of moving and gathering to the foci actively, delivering therapeutic or diagnostic drugs to the target sites, and working elaborately in the complex environment of human body. Therefore, micro/nanomotors show great potential in disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, as well as prognosis. Herein, this review begins with a brief introduction of micro/nanomotors, including their structural design and driving modes. Secondly, the research progress of micro/nanomotors in different types of diseases is introduced in detail. Finally, the major challenges and the future development direction of the technology is proposed.