Thermally induced defluorination during a mer to fac transformation of a blue-green phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complex

The new homoleptic tris-cyclometalated Ir(C^N)(3)] complexes mer-8, fac-8, and fac-9 incorporating γ-carboline ligands are reported. Reaction of 3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-ethylhexyl)-pyrido4,3-b]indole 6 with iridium(III) chloride under standard cyclometalating conditions gave the homoleptic complex mer-8 in 63% yield. The X-ray crystal structure of mer-8 is described. The Ir-C and Ir-N bonds show the expected bond length alternations for the differing trans influence of phenyl and pyridyl ligands. mer-8 quantitatively isomerized to fac-8 upon irradiation with UV light. However, heating mer-8 at 290 °C in glycerol led to an unusual regioselective loss of one fluorine atom from each of the ligands, yielding fac-9 in 58% yield. fac-8 is thermally very stable: no decomposition was observed when fac-8 was heated in glycerol at 290 °C for 48 h. The γ-carboline system of fac-8 enhances thermal stability compared to the pyridyl analogue fac-Ir(46dfppy)(3)10, which decomposes extensively upon being heated in glycerol at 290 °C for 2 h. Complexes mer-8, fac-8, and fac-9 are emitters of blue-green light (λ(max)(em) = 477, 476, and 494 nm, respectively). The triplet lifetimes for fac-8 and fac-9 are ~4.5 μs at room temperature; solution Φ(PL) values are 0.31 and 0.22, respectively.