Ligand exchange and spin state equilibria of Fe(II)(N4Py) and related complexes in aqueous media

We report the characterization and solution chemistry of a series of Fe(II) complexes based on the pentadentate ligands N4Py (1,1-di(pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine), MeN4Py (1,1-di(pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethanamine), and the tetradentate ligand Bn-N3Py (N-benzyl-1,1-di(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine) ligands, i.e., Fe(N4Py)(CH(3)CN)](ClO(4))(2) (1), Fe(MeN4Py)(CH(3)CN)](ClO(4))(2) (2), and Fe(Bn-N3Py)(CH(3)CN)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (3), respectively. Complexes 2 and 3 are characterized by X-ray crystallography, which indicates that they are low-spin Fe(II) complexes in the solid state. The solution properties of 1-3 are investigated using (1)H NMR, UV/vis absorption, and resonance Raman spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and ESI-MS. These data confirm that in acetonitrile the complexes retain their solid-state structure, but in water immediate ligand exchange of the CH(3)CN ligand(s) for hydroxide or aqua ligands occurs with full dissociation of the polypyridyl ligand at low (<3) and high (>9) pH. pH jumping experiments confirm that over at least several minutes the ligand dissociation observed is fully reversible for complexes 1 and 2. In the pH range between 5 and 8, complexes 1 and 2 show an equilibrium between two different species. Furthermore, the aquated complexes show a spin equilibrium between low- and high-spin states with the equilibrium favoring the high-spin state for 1 but favoring the low-spin state for 2. Complex 3 forms only one species over the pH range 4-8, outside of which ligand dissociation occurs. The speciation analysis and the observation of an equilibrium between spin states in aqueous solution is proposed to be the origin of the effectiveness of complex 1 in cleaving DNA in water with (3)O(2) as terminal oxidant.