Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ginger and Turmeric Extracts in Inhibiting Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γ-Induced Proinflammatory Mediators |
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| Authors: | Xian Zhou Sualiha Afzal Hans Wohlmuth Gerald Münch David Leach Mitchell Low Chun Guang Li |
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| Institution: | 1.NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (H.W.); (M.L.);2.Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (S.A.); (G.M.);3.Integria Healthcare, 2728 Logan Road, Brisbane, QLD 4113, Australia;4.School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia |
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| Abstract: | This study aims to investigate the combined anti-inflammatory activity of ginger and turmeric extracts. By comparing the activities of individual and combined extracts in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ-induced murine RAW 264.7 cells, we demonstrated that ginger-turmeric combination was optimal at a specific ratio (5:2, w/w) in inhibiting nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 with synergistic interaction (combination index < 1). The synergistic inhibitory effect on TNF was confirmed in human monocyte THP-1 cells. Ginger-turmeric combination (5:2, w/w) also upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 activity and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression. Additionally, 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, 10-shogaol and curcumin were the leading compounds in reducing major proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, and a simplified compound combination of 6-s, 10-s and curcumin showed the greatest potency in reducing LPS-induced NO production. Our study provides scientific evidence in support of the combined use of ginger and turmeric to alleviate inflammatory processes. |
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| Keywords: | ginger turmeric synergy anti-inflammatory Nrf2-HO-1 combination index |
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