基于聚类分析和AHP的商场类建筑火灾风险评估

根据商场类建筑的火灾特点,以半定量和定性相结合的层次分析法建立了商场类建筑火灾风险评价体系.采用专家问卷调查的方式,利用层次分析法和聚类分析确定了评估体系中的指标权重值,然后根据评分手册对指标因子进行打分,计算出火灾风险评估值,进而确定建筑物的火灾风险等级.将此体系运用到武汉某服饰商城,验证了该评价体系的实用性和可靠性.该评价体系不仅可用于我国消防评估,还可广泛用于保险等相关行业.

Fire Risk Assessment of Malls Based on the Cluster Analysis and AHP

According to the fire characteristics in malls， AHP (analytic hierarchy process)， which has the advantages in both semi-quantitative methods and qualitative methods， was used to establish fire risk assessment system. Through collecting expert questionnaires， the AHP and cluster analysis were integrated to calculate the index weight value in the system. According to the grading manual， this paper scored each index and calculated the values of the fire risk assessment to confirm the fire risk level of buildings. The practicability and reliability was verified by applying the assessment system in a clothing store in Wuhan. And the assessment system can be used not only in fire evaluation， but also in the insurance and others.