呼吸图案法制备蜂窝状有序多孔薄膜及其功能化应用

呼吸图案(BF)法是一种制备微纳米级规整多孔结构的简单、廉价和高效的方法, 它以水滴为模板, 通过水滴有序排列得到蜂窝状有序多孔结构, 其孔的形貌可以通过选择不同的成膜材料和成膜环境等条件得到控制, 所以在分离膜、模板、响应性表面、催化剂、光电材料等研究领域有广阔的发展前景. 但是, 到目前为止, 人们发现由于成膜条件的不同, 多孔膜的孔形貌受多种因素影响, 规整多孔膜形貌的控制机理还不是很明确, 没有一个统一的结论. 本文结合本课题组所做工作及近五年来国内外呼吸图案法制备蜂窝状有序多孔薄膜的研究成果, 对多孔薄膜的形成过程及其影响因素、多孔膜的功能化及应用等方面进行了归纳总结, 试图揭示孔的形成及孔形貌的调控等相关规律, 希望对后续的进一步研究与应用奠定基础.

Functional Applications of Ordered Honeycomb-Patterned Porous Films Based on the Breath Figure Technique

The breath figure (BF) technique is regarded as a powerful tool for the fabrication of strictly ordered and closely packed nano- and micro-porous films. It is a facile, economical, and versatile approach in which condensed water droplets serve as a benign template by rearranging on the polymer solution surface. They direct the assembly of polymer molecules into ordered patterns. Furthermore, the morphology of the pores can be adjusted and optimized by controlling several critical experimental parameters such as the film-forming system of the materials and the circumstances. This technique has a vast range of potential and promising applications in relevant areas such as separations, templating, stimuli-responsive surfaces, biosensing and photoelectric materials. However, the possible interplay of general mechanisms for the formation of all breath figure systems is complex, because each casting system is unique. In some cases no definite conclusion on the effect of each variable could be drawn until now. We review investigations at home and abroad including our group over the last five years on the preparation of honeycomb porous films using the breath figure method. We summarize and analyze their formation, influencing factors, function technologies and the applications of these porous films, and attempt to reveal the principles behind the formation of holes and the control of pore morphology. This work is expected to lay the foundation for follow-up studies and applications.