聚二甲基硅氧烷/微纳米银/聚多巴胺修饰的超疏水海绵的制备和应用

受海洋贝类生物黏附蛋白的启发,在碱性环境下利用多巴胺的自聚合性质,在聚氨酯海绵表面聚合活性聚多巴胺薄层,采用葡萄糖还原银离子进一步沉积微纳米银粒子构筑表面微纳结构,并水解聚二甲基硅氧烷前驱体对表面进行疏水改性,制备出了接触角大于150°的超疏水表面。利用接触角测定、扫描电子显微镜及能量弥散X射线谱和傅里叶红外光谱等技术手段对制备的改性海绵进行了表征,表明微纳米银粒子和硅甲基疏水基团被成功修饰到了海绵表面。改性海绵对有机溶剂和油类物质具有高选择性和高吸收性。吸收的有机溶剂和油类物质的质量能够达到其自身质量的12倍以上。饱和吸收后的海绵仅通过物理挤压即可将吸收的物质回收并使海绵恢复弹性和吸附能力,得到再生。该研究为油水分离和废油回收提供了一种经济、高效、环境友好的方案。

Fabrication and Application of the Superhydrophobic Sponge Modified with Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Silver Micro/Nano-particles/Polydopamine

Inspired by adhesive proteins in mussels, we prepared polydopamine (PDA) thin layer on the polyurethane sponge surface using dopamine self-polymerization under alkaline solution. Ag⁺ was reduced by glucose to form silver micro/nano-particles on the PDA thin layer, and then wrapped by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate superhydrophobic surface. The prepared superhydrophobic sponge was characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), respectively, and proved that silver micro/nano-particles and hydrophobic silicon methyl groups have been successfully modified onto the sponge surface. Treated sponge exhibits superior absorptivity and selectivity to organic solvents and different kinds of oil. Saturated gravimetric absorption capacity of this sponge to oil-like solvents reached at least 12 times its own mass. Solvents can be easily recycled by squeezing behavior and sponge can regain its elasticity and absorptivity. This study would provide an economical, efficient and environmental-friendly method for the oil-water separation and the oil recovery.