壬基酚甜菜碱两性表面活性剂的合成和抗温耐盐性能

以壬基酚、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠为原料, 在催化剂的作用下经醚化、叔胺化、季铵化, 合成了壬基酚甜菜碱两性表面活性剂(NSZ), 并确定了最佳的反应条件。 壬基酚氯醇醚的最佳合成条件:物料比n(壬基酚):n(环氧氯丙烷)=1:4, 催化剂四丁基溴化铵用量为壬基酚用量的4%(摩尔比), 反应时间为4 h, 反应温度为95 ℃。 壬基酚叔胺的最佳合成条件:物料比为n(壬基酚氯醇醚):n(二甲胺):n(氢氧化钠)=1:2.5:1.1, 反应时间为4 h, 反应温度为60 ℃。 NSZ的最佳合成条件:以异丙醇/水为溶剂且其体积比为2:1, 反应温度为85 ℃, 反应时间24 h, n(3-氯-2羟基丙磺酸钠):n(壬基酚叔胺)=1.2:1, 反应体系的pH值为8~9。 通过测定NSZ在高温高矿化度条件下的界面性能、乳化性能和热稳定性, 证明了NSZ具有良好的耐温抗盐性能。

Synthesis of Nonylphenol Betaine Amphoteric Surfactant and Its Tolerance to Temperature and Salt

Under the action of catalyst, the nonylphenol betaine amphoteric surfactant(NSZ) was synthesized from nonylphenol, epichlorohydrin, dimethylamine and 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl sulfonic acid sodium by etherification, amination, and quaternization, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined. The optimum synthesis conditions of nonylphenol chlorohydrin ether are:the material ratio n(nonylphenol):n(epichlorohydrin) was 1:4, the total amount of the catalyst tetrabutyl ammonium bromide was 4%(molar fraction) relative to nonylphenol, the reaction time was 4 h and the reaction temperature was 95 ℃. The optimum synthesis conditions of nonylphenol tertiary amine are:the material ratio n(nonylphenol chloro ether):n(dimethylamine):n(NaOH) was 1:2.5:1.1, the reaction time was 4 h and the reaction temperature was 60 ℃. The optimum synthesis conditions of NSZ are:the volume ratio of isopropanol to water was 2:1, the reaction temperature was 85 ℃, the reaction time was 24 h, the material ratio n(3- chloro-2-hydroxy-propanesulfonate):n(nonylphenol tertiary) was 1.2:1, the pH of the reaction system was 8~9. The interface properties, emulsifying properties and thermal stability of NSZ were measured under the condition of high temperature and high salinity, the results showed that NSZ had a good tolerance to temperature and salt.