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Recent advances in application of the graphene-based membrane for water purification
Authors:Poonam Kumari  Kumud Malika Tripathi  Lokesh Kumar Jangir  Ragini Gupta  Kamlendra Awasthi
Affiliation:1. Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India;2. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530003, India;3. Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India;4. Materials Research Center, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
Abstract:Graphene is an atomic layer thick carbon-based material with unique two-dimensional architecture and extraordinary physiochemical, optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Graphene and its derivatives show significant promises for the development of nanoporous ultrathin filtration membranes capable of molecular separation properties. Graphene-based nanofiltration membranes featuring distinct laminar structures can offer various novel mass-transport phenomena for purifying water, energy storage and separation, gas separation, and proton conductors. The latest developments in water purification techniques through graphene-based membranes including engineering, design, and fabrication of diverse graphene, graphene-oxide, and graphene-composite membranes are provided here in relation to their application paradigm for purifying water. The critical views on pollutant removal mechanisms for water purification along with optimization measures are specially highlighted. In addition, the challenges, shortcomings, and future prospects are pointed out. The green and large-scale synthesis technology of graphene coupling with advanced membrane fabrication techniques can promote these state-of-the-art nanofiltration membranes for a wide range of applications.
Keywords:Nanofiltration  Synthesis strategies  Absorption  Ion rejection  Photocatalysis  Desalination
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