Characterization,stability, and origin of natural radiation-induced defects in the biogenic calcite of Belemnitella americana from the Upper Cretaceous: An electron paramagnetic resonance study |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archaeometry, Klaus-Tschira-Archaeometry-Centre, C4, 8, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;2. Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany;3. Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, B321 Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3100, USA;4. Max-Plack Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;5. Directorate of Antiquities, Department of Culture & Information, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;6. UMR 7041, ArScAn du CNRS, Maison René Ginouvès de l’Archéologie et de l’Ethnologie, 21 Allée de l’Université, 92023 Nanterre cedex, France;7. Center for Scientific Archaeology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany;1. Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio”, via L. Mangiagalli 34, I-20133 Milan, Italy;2. Inrap, UMR 7041 ‘ArScAn’, Maison de l''Archéologie et de l''Ethnologie, Nanterre, France;3. CNRS, UMR 5133 ‘Archéorient’, Maison de l''Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon, France;4. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via della Faggiola 32, I-56100 Pisa, Italy;5. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, I-56126 Pisa, Italy;6. Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse-C.N.R., Via Moruzzi 1, I-56100 Pisa, Italy;7. Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Georisorse-CNR, Area della Ricerca di Roma1 – Montelibretti, Via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo, RM, Italy;1. Iran Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O.Box: 1374, Bushehr, Iran;2. Department of fisheries, Ahvaz branch Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran;3. Islamic Azad University, Department of science and research, fisheries group, Khouzestan, Iran;4. University of marine science and technology, Khorramshahr, Iran;1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;2. Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt;3. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt;1. Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, UK;2. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK;1. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23DZ, United Kingdom;2. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom;3. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23DZ, United Kingdom;4. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queens University Belfast, United Kingdom;5. School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L33AF, United Kingdom |
| |
| Abstract: | The rostrum of Belemnitella americana (Morton) from the Marshalltown formation (Kmt, Upper Cretaceous) of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The rostrum composed of biogenic calcite possessed inorganic radical centers CO2 ?, SO2?, and SO3? with isotropic resonances with g values of 2.0007, 2.0057, and 2.0031, respectively. SO3? was found to also display an axially symmetric resonance typical of that seen in calcite of geologic origin with g⊥=2.0036 and g∥=2.0021. Mn2+ signals of orthorhombic symmetry and very narrow line width (～0.1 mT) were also noted (|D|=9.3 mT (～0.009 cm?1), |E|=3.1 mT (～0.003 cm?1)). Isochronal annealing studies reveal that these inorganic radical species reside in energy traps that are significantly deeper than previously determined as revealed by their annealing temperatures: SO2? (isotropic), T*～340 °C; SO3? (isotropic), T*～230 °C; SO3? (axial), T*～190 °C. These data suggest that these spin centers may be used to extend the upper limit for dating purposes to times on the order of 1 Ma for SO3? (axial) and 200–300 Ma for SO3? (isotropic). Spin–spin and spin–lattice relaxation studies employing progressive microwave saturation were determined for all sulfur-based radical species and found to be consistent with the supposition of the isotropic signals existing in environments that are conducive to dynamic averaging of the g-anisotropy. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
