The effects of irradiation on controlled drug delivery/controlled drug release systems |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Institute for Lasers Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomiştilor Street, 077125 Măgurele, Romania;2. Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului, 077125 Măgurele, Romania;3. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Street, 030018 Bucharest, Romania;4. Leather and Footwear Research Institute - INCDTP, Collagen Department, 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania;1. Department of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, India;2. Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India;3. Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA9300, South Africa;4. Department of Chemistry, Bahra University, Waknaghat (Shimla Hills), 173234, Dist. Solan, H.P., India;1. Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;2. Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China;3. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 571100, China;1. Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan;3. Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;1. Department of Energy & Resources Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea;2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam 550-749, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | The research of radiation effects on drugs over the past 60 years has mainly dealt with radiation sterilization of individual active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the form of pure substances or injectable solutions. However, the emergence of novel systems for drug administration and targeting via controlled drug delivery (CDD) and/or controlled drug release (CDR) has extended the use of irradiation with respect to pharmaceuticals: the capacity of radiation to act as an initiator of crosslinking has been used in the manufacturing and modification of a number of polymeric carriers with an added advantage of reducing the microbial load of products at the same time. The application of irradiation to these novel systems requires the understanding of radiation action not only on APIs alone but also on drug carriers and on the functioning of the integral CDD/CDR systems. In this paper, the significance of CDD/CDR systems is considered with a special emphasis on the role of irradiation for sterilization and crosslinking in the developments over the past 15 years. Radiation sterilization, crosslinking and degradation of the principal forms of drug carrier systems and the effects of irradiation on the release kinetics of APIs are discussed in light of radiation chemical principles. Regulatory aspects pertaining to radiation sterilization of drugs are also considered. Relevant results are summarized in tabular form. |
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