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The size of the proton |
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| Authors: | T Nebel A Antognini F D Amaro F Biraben J M R Cardoso D S Covita A Dax S Dhawan L M P Fernandes A Giesen T Graf T W Hänsch P Indelicato L Julien C-Y Kao P Knowles F Kottmann E Le Bigot Y-W Liu J A M Lopes L Ludhova C M B Monteiro F Mulhauser F Nez P Rabinowitz J M F dos Santos L A Schaller K Schuhmann C Schwob D Taqqu J F C A Veloso R Pohl |
| Institution: | 1. Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany 2. Departamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 3. Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France 4. Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France 5. I3N, Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal 6. Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, CN, USA 7. Dausinger & Giesen GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany 8. Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge, Universit?t Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany 9. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit?t, Munich, Germany 10. Physics Department, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 11. Département de Physique, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland 12. Institut für Teilchenphysik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 13. Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA 14. Paul Scherrer Institut-PSI, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland |
| Abstract: | The root-mean-square (rms) charge radius r p of the proton has so far been known only with a surprisingly low precision of about 1% from both electron scattering and precision spectroscopy of hydrogen. We have recently determined r p by means of laser spectroscopy of the Lamb shift in the exotic “muonic hydrogen” atom. Here, the muon, which is the 200 times heavier cousin of the electron, orbits the proton with a 200 times smaller Bohr radius. This enhances the sensitivity to the proton’s finite size tremendously. Our new value r p?=?0.84184 (67) fm is ten times more precise than the generally accepted CODATA-value, but it differs by 5 standard deviations from it. A lively discussion about possible solutions to the “proton size puzzle” has started. Our measurement, together with precise measurements of the 1S–2S transition in regular hydrogen and deuterium, also yields improved values of the Rydberg constant, R ?∞??=?10,973,731.568160 (16) m???1. |
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