合金材料韧性断裂的表征、孔洞成核准则和断裂模型

Ⅰ.引言韧性断裂是合金材料失效的主要形式之一。早在19世纪下半叶,有人就开始注意到金属材料的韧性断裂是通过内部颈缩而发生的。本世纪50年代,Puttick通过一系列实验和分析,提出了韧性断裂的机制是由于在材料内部的夹杂物上形成孔洞。随后,越来越多的实验事实表明,合金材料的韧性断裂是在材料里的第二相粒子(夹杂物)上形成孔洞,随后孔洞生长、汇合这样一个过程。50年代以来,位错理论的发展,电子显微镜的诞生,断裂学科 

CHARACTERIZATION OF DUCTILE FRACTURE IN ALLOYS, VOID NUCLEATION CRITERION AND FRACTURE MODELS

Ductile fracture is one of the main failure feature in alloys. It has been acknowledged that the mechanism of ductile fracture is owing to the nuclcation, growth and coalescence of voids encircling the second phase particles. Developments of dislocation theory, electronic microscopy and fracture theory all contribute to the investigation of this field. Several fracture models have been proposed and the characterization of ductile fracture is unraveled progressively. The developments and achievements within this field arc reviewed and commented in this paper.