Na and H NMR Microimaging of Intact Plants |
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Authors: | Silvia Olt Eva Krtz Ewald Komor Markus Rokitta Axel Haase |
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Institution: | a Physikalisches Institut Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany;b Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany |
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Abstract: | 23Na NMR microimaging is described to map, for the first time, the sodium distribution in living plants. As an example, the response of 6-day-old seedlings of Ricinus communis to exposure to sodium chloride concentrations from 5 to 300 mM was observed in vivo using 23Na as well as 1H NMR microimaging. Experiments were performed at 11.75 T with a double resonant 23Na–1H probehead. The probehead was homebuilt and equipped with a climate chamber. T1 and T2 of 23Na were measured in the cross section of the hypocotyl. Within 85 min 23Na images with an in-plane resolution of 156 × 156 μm were acquired. With this spatial information, the different types of tissue in the hypocotyl can be discerned. The measurement time appears to be short compared to the time scale of sodium uptake and accumulation in the plant so that the kinetics of salt stress can be followed. In conclusion, 23Na NMR microimaging promises great potential for physiological studies of the consequences of salt stress on the macroscopic level and thus may become a unique tool for characterizing plants with respect to salt tolerance and salt sensitivity. |
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Keywords: | 23Na NMR imaging sodium-23 salt stress plants NMR microscopy |
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