反应型非离子表面活性剂的制备及其组成和结构

以丙烯酸(AA)与硬脂酸单甘油酯(GMS)、油酸单甘油酯(A300)或油酸单山梨糖醇酐酯(Span 80)为起始物, 对甲苯磺酸为催化剂, 对苯二酚为阻聚剂, 制备了三类含有1-烯键的反应型表面活性剂. 通过反应体系中AA 的加料量及其残留量, 计算得到丙烯酸的转化率为91%以上, 制备的反应型非离子表面活性剂的收率达到80%以上. 用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和质谱对反应产物的组成和结构进行了表征, 确认获得了三类目标产物. 将这三类表面活性剂作为流滴剂与聚乙烯发生接枝反应后, 提高了聚乙烯的结晶温度, 降低了水在聚烯烃膜表面的接触角, 解决了聚乙烯农用棚膜的流滴期短的问题.

Preparation, Composition and Structures of Reactive Nonionic Surfactants

Three reactive nonionic surfactants with 1-olefinic bond were synthesized. Glycerol monostearate(GMS), glycerol monooleate(A300), and sorbitan monooleate(Span 80) were adopted as the starting materials to react with acrylic acid(AA) separately, p-toluene sulfonic acid as the catalyst and hydroquinone as the inhibitor. The conversion of the products was determined by means of AA adding level and the amount of the residual AA in the system. It was shown that the conversion of AA got to about 91%, and the yields of three different products, AGMS, AA 300 and ASpan 80 are over 80% respectively. Spectra of FTIR, 1H NMR and FTICR-MS were used to further confirm the formation of the three target products and their chemical structures. Then they were grafted with LLDPE, the Tc of the grafted LLDPE is higher than the plain, and the contact angles of the water on the grafted LLDPE film decrease. The terms of antifogging were prolonged when the grafted LLDPE was used as the agriculture films.